Project Sponsorship And Decentralization Of Decision Making Assignment

protrusion Sponsorship And Decentralization Of Decision Making - appointment ExampleIt creates a condition whereby internal support is recognized, and all the customers have an executive way of communication. The sponsors and lying-in managers names atomic number 18 while make project proposals and hence chances of going through are high. Sponsors are very helpful in the launch of projects since they help in making purposes on staffing and priorities in the project. Project sponsors increase the commitment of the managers to the project and hence minimizes the probability of the project failing. The project sponsors help in decision making in projects and hence the managers and the rest of the team will work towards success. Project managers are unavoidable to report to project sponsors and therefore managers will encourage communication with other team members so as to have details of all that is taking place. The pressure on the managers leads to the success of the project. D ecentralization of decision making is paramount if the executives are willing to empower the project team. All the team members must be allowed to figure in decision making. The managers must be willing to help other line managers in areas that they escort difficult. There must be voiced accountability within the organization. Any faults should be taken as organization failures rather than personal failures. The kind of lead in the organization should be team leadership rather than a project manager centered leadership. The organization must be willing to share authority and power among project and line managers.

Balanced Reading Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Balanced Reading class - Essay ExampleSuch issues have been addressed and overcome by the introduction of a equilibrise literacy program. The balanced practice approach offers effective techniques for enhancing reading, writing, listening, viewing and speaking skills of the students through its literacy program.According to Cohen and Cowen (2007) The primary culture of a balanced literacy program is to teach reading, not as a skill broken into isolated steps, but as a lifelong learning process that promotes higher order thinking, problem puzzle out and reasoning (Pp. 37).The basic components of a Balanced Literacy Program include Reading Alouds, Shared Reading, Guided reading, single-handed Reading, Modeled/ Shared writing, Interactive Writing, and Independent Writing. The essential components of a Balanced Reading Program, on the otherwise hand include explicit instruction and practice in essential academic learning requirements which includes phonemic awareness, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension and thinking skills and strategies etc Response to reading through writing, discussion and drama Classroom environment i.e. conducting activities separately or in small groups, focusing on thinking and learning and problem-solving, as well as student interaction High expectations, clear standards and continuous evaluation Use of variety of materials such as fiction, non-fiction, and other popular genres and Daily Reading which includes shared reading, reading to students by teachers, guided reading, and independent reading practice (Holcomb, 2004).This article on IQ, Phonological Awareness and Continuous-naming Speed Related to Dutch Poor decrypt Childrens Performance on Two Word Identification Tests by Kees van den Bos deals with the discourse identification variables and reading-related variables of intelligence, phonological awareness and continuous naming speed. For the purpose of this study, a series of experiments were conducted on children senior(a ) between 10 and 12 years who had poor

Sexuality and chronic illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexuality and chronic illness - Essay illustrationIn tribes lives to define sexual activityuality, the term gender is used. Gender is used to determine the sex of an individual being male or female. Gender is used to discuss the different identities, expectations and roles that the society associated with being male and female (McInnes, 2003). People in general view themselves in many shipway as male or female. People use social, cultural and psychological characteristics when viewing their gender. Two terms appoint behaviors associated with men and women fair(prenominal) and masculine. For most people, the sense of being male or female begins when one is young. to the highest degree people sense to belong to a certain gender according to their sexual body separate and their physical appearance. People develop certain behaviors and attitudes as per their societies and cultures. In these social and cultural environments individuals argon pass judgment to act, feel and think i n a particular way according to their masculine or feminine gender. One cannot conceive the idea of sex as being prior to that of gender since the two are a product of cultural, social and political factors.In the society today, people use different ways to view themselves as being male or female. Gender identification is one of the ways that people view themselves and mostly occurs when one is young. Children in their early years try to identify themselves with the same-sex parent. A boy identifies himself with the father and the girl identifies herself with the mother. People use language to view themselves as male or female. In English, words such as mankind and chairman are used to denote set positions for some(prenominal) men and women though they are biased to the male side. Other words include lady and human beings used to identify duties for men and women. At times, people use mode of dressing as a way to view their gender. For mothers, they at times dress their children who are girls in pink colored clothe

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

argument Ethics - Case Study ExampleEthics refers to the moral guidelines that define what is good or what is bad. In business, there some conducts that may be regarded as unacceptable due to their moral implications and reputation in the society. The guidelines or the principles that define such conducts are what comprise of business ethics (Lamb, Joseph and Carl, Pg. 69). The focus of this essay is to order a report regarding ethics of an organization TideeKleen Waste Management Inc. It is an organization based in Canada and is come to with the commercial waste recycling and disposal activities. The partnership is known for its strong reputation and corporate responsibility. It has a number of stakeh agingers with the major ones being Halo Ethical storage and a New York private fair-mindedness firm known as GSG Financial. These two are the bulk shareh antiquateders and any finish by TideeKleen pull up stakes have a significant ramification on them. The companys employees are important stakeholders. Stakeholders abridgment The companys major stakeholders include its employees as easy as Halo Ethical Fund and a New York private equity firm known as GSG Financial who are the majority shareholders. Employees are an important of any organizational stakeholders. They are the ones who carry out the production activities as well as any other activities within the organization and therefore they are major factors in ascertain the surgical procedure of a company. As such, it is important that the employer ensure that the employees are operating in a right environment so as to ensure their maximum productivity. Employees are an important part of TideeKleen stakeholders. Any decision by the company will have a significant ramification on them and their performance. A tilt in the employees performance will be reflected in the general organizations performance. In this case, any option A, B, or C will have to be evaluated considering the effects it will hav e on the employees. For instance, if the company is to postulate option A, the employees who will be moved to the raw TideeKleen will be operating in a safe environment and their chances of contracting a cancer will be advancedly reduced. As a consequence, their performance is likely to be relatively high. This is even considering that most of these employees are to be young and energetic. The employees to be left in the old TideeKleen on the other hand will be working with the old equipment that will expose them to high risks. Any effect on their health will have a direct effect on their performance. Similarly, Option B will also expose employees to such risks and thusly will affect their performance and morale. Option C on the other hand involves changing from the old facilities to the new ones. The process will take time, and during that transition period, employees will be working in a not so safe environment. If the company chooses an option that does not favour any of the e mployees, on bill of the low productivity, there is a high possibility of increased employees turn over. The effect on these to the company will be low performance. The company will spend more money looking for new employees. In addition, potential employees may be discouraged from joining the company. The other class of important stakeholders are the companys shareholders. Any decision that the company makes is likely to have an effect on its performance an in turn will affect the price of its shares in the stock exchange. Shareholders who have a high number of shares in the company will be as well affected significantly by any change in the price of shares. For instance, the prices of shares of TideeKleen have fallen from $40 to $30. This might lead to a big loss for the companys largest shareholder Halo Ethical Fund. In fact, the company may consider

The Benefits of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Benefits of Social Media - Essay ExampleFrom the discussion it is authorise that with the popularity of digital media, consumers of most products and services have developed an easy flair with the use of social media. This by-line of consumer behaviour whereby most consumers spend greater parts of their lives on social media gives marketers an obligation of channelling their marketing with the social media. This is a course that has been extensively justified in this report. The report takes a look at the benefits of social media from a marketing perspective. Also, the impact of social media in cost saving marketing and viral spreading of content of marketing have also been emphasised in detail.This study highlights that the dominant fibre that digital media and for that matter the internet plays in modern chore engagements. The digital media and the internet have do avenues for the promotion of both globalisation and competitiveness among modern businesses. This is a fact that cannot be denied, given the purpose to which organisations of different stunnedlook depend on digital media and the internet at large to execute business functions. The impact of digital media on modern business was the fact that digital media fits almost every boldness of business engagement in a typical modern organisation. With this said, the current report seeks to single out marketing as an aspect of business engagement to look at how digital media influences marketing in any typical modern organisational setup.

Islamic accounting & Financial reporting assignment

Islamic accounting & Financial reporting - Assignment ExampleHowever, it has a number of similarities that can be identified. The main difference between these twain is can be seen in the focus each of the two standards. For instance, the ijarah contracts as standardized by the AAOFI are geared towards making it possible for the firm to be able to report its income in such a way that it shows the honesty of its operations, especially with regard to the principles outlines in the Quran. The IFRS standards on the other hand focus on the economic aspect of any business transaction between the firm and the customer. This means that minor differences go forth arise while trying to compare the two statements of accounts prepared by either of the standards. However, this does not prevail to a full dichotomy of the two standards but only leads to some minor differences that can be reconciles when preparing he books of accounts.As has been discussed, ijarah is a form of banking arrangeme nt that allows banks and individuals to gain some form of profit by and by giving a loan to another individual. Instead of the lender charging an interest, they enter into an agreement with the lessee. The agreement is make in a way that allows the lender to gain some profit by the end of the transaction. Basically, ijarah establish contracts have two manikins (Ismal, 2013). For instance, when a person goes to the banks to take a car loan in a Sharia compliant bank, the bank will finance the purchase of the car and instead of requiring the customer to liquidate interest, the bank will hire out the car to the customer. The first phase of the contract, there will be an agreement with regard to how long the pack period will last (Karim, 2010). Once the period of the lease is over and the cusromern has aid al the lease charges, the first contract ends the second contract, or the second phase of the ijarah kicks in. This second part of the ijarah is the sale of the car. The value of the car is priced by calculating the residual value of the

Paper for class MIS 2100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper for class MIS 2100 - Essay ExampleHaving qualified personnel who outhouse utilize information systems is critical to the success and growth of an organization. As a student, I hurl realized how important it is for me to learn about these systems in order to guarantee success in the future caper career. Secondly, prior to taking this class, I simply viewed ancestry systems as tools used in businesses for daily operations. However, later taking this class, I have learnt that information systems are a major source of competitive advantage, curiously in the current business environment. I have learnt that information systems help businesses reduce the cost of doing business, and this ensures that products and work are offered at a lower cost. Through information systems, businesses can be innovative and descend up with new products and services that satisfy the needs of the market better and efficiently. Overall, by taking this class, I have learnt not only how to use info rmation systems to carry out daily business activities hardly also use them to set the business ahead of the rest in the market. Finally, the MIS 2100 class has enabled me understand the honest and social issues raised by information systems. By using technology to carry out business activities, organizations ex arrange themselves to a great risk which may affect their operations and their relationship with the society. For instance, information systems pose major challenges on peoples privacy since personal information is exchanged through contrasting computer systems before arriving at the final destination. Through this process, private information may be leaked to unaccredited parties, and this may lead to serious ethical problems. Through this class, I have learnt how to use such systems responsibly in order to avoid some of these ethical and social challenges. By taking this class, I have leant that although technology is beneficial to the business, it can cause serious pr oblems if not well used. This might comprise the

Astroturf campaigns in politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Astroturf campaigns in politics - Research Paper ExampleAn Astroturf campaign looks like a real political campaign, save few-placed interest units orchestrate much(prenominal) events for given selfish reasons. In this case, gaining grassroots support is a legitimizing event that ensures a given campaign seems like a real campaign. There are several consequences of such(prenominal) campaigns. To begin with, Astroturf campaigns increase the likelihood of passing the wrong policies. A country operates through policies that define how organization entities make decisions. In every sector, there are policies that guide the operations and management of resources. Wrong policies, therefore, whitethorn direct a country towards a crisis, especially, for sensitive sectors such as health.In addition, these campaigns may lead to the maturation of the public. This occurs in case of election of incompetent officials. Selfish political interests may influence the organization of such campaigns . This occurs because such interests may vouch for a politician who forms policies that favor given ends (Perrucci and Wysong 66). In turn, the rest of the state bears the catastrophe of wrong policies. This is usually evident in the case of competition laws that may disfavor miniature and upcoming firms. Astroturf campaigns destroy the morality of politics, as voters do not attain the chance of voicing their butt opinions. Such campaigns may be so sensational and delusional such that decided voters sway towards fads. It is infixed for politics to create an environment whereby each opinion reflects in the ballot.

American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Civil War - undertake ExampleCertain reasons fueling the rebellion charges by the confederate stood out in the Civil War. Among the nearly conspicuous charges chanted by the rebellion was the continuation of bondage among the Confederate States of America. Whereas the United States indicated its intentions to abolish slavery through well calculated moves and policies, the Confederates held the depression that abolition would be a socioeconomic disaster for the country. galore(postnominal) abolitionists hailed from the north, and secession from the south was taken as an insult to the integrity of the American dream of equality for each(prenominal) Americans (Davis et al. 23). Slavery was concentrated in the south, and its expansion into the north was seen as a looming socioeconomic danger to the conjugation and compelling the abolitionists to declaration fight. The c tout ensemble to secede was also a move against the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1960. Apparently, Lincoln was instrumental in antislavery campaigns and the Confederate States knew that his administration would not support their opinion on a slave labor-driven economy. As an illustration, among the 996 electoral counties from which secession was demanded, Lincoln only managed to win deuce counties. Secession was fueled by the fear that Lincoln would impose his position on slave labor, thereby endangering the economy of the Confederate States as well that of the United States. By the establishment of controls in respect of slavery and its eventual abolition in 1820 across the world, the United States pledged its support for a free world, and, therefore, had to fiddle to eliminate slavery across all member states. In addition, nearly all of the southern states had public ways of getting slaves through purchase or conquest. In view of the diversity of the southern states in terms of their heterogeneity with the rest of the states, conflicts always cropped up. Among th e most prevalent conflicts was the territorial uncertainty by the subjects. despite the fact that the issue of economic reliance on slave labor characterized the tension, certain acquisition techniques did not resolve identity crises for certain groups of people. Common slaveholding characteristics of the southern nations posed a major menace to entry into the Union. New entrants into the Union had to reorganize and adapt to the northern cultural and political environment, or get a way out, leading to the confusion (Garraty 56). Lincolns insistence on strength for all border states and oneness in the Union throughout the campaign provided enough support for the Unions victory. The sign intention of the confederation rebellion was to spread its slavery ideologies to back the economy, but the resistance at the border front effectively facilitated defeat for the Confederate States. Whereas the crashing of the nucleus of the secessionist movement was key in the reckoning of the rel ationship between the two blocs, Lincoln knew that its neutralization at the neighboring countries was vital to the realization of success. The war broke between the two States blocs, and despite the huge population advantage as well as industrial resources held by the north compared to the south, it was a difficult battle to win. Abraham Lincoln led the Union to war, and the initial onus was the mobilization of the military into the war. However, it appeared to be a difficult war. Despite the numerical disadvantage held by the south in the war, the

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics - Assignment ExampleObama never hesitated to introduce domestic help frugal initiatives that would check mark the stinting issues. He requested Congress for an economic stimulus package that is worth more than 800 one million million million dollars. He requested this grant for dealing with the economic crisis. This grant became an integral part in the chairs economic policy for the nation. As a part of Obamas economic policy in the United States, he had a discussion with the banking sector to generate new banking policies so that the customers will be benefited. He formulated economic policies that help US come out of the recession. However, certain resources say that no international policies have been started by him. He has also been silent in the topics of world recession. First pick of the presidents economic policy is to upgrade trade relations with other nations. Economic conditions of the States went through a difficult phase. counterbalance though US econom y has faced a aeonianeconomic fruit, they encountered financial crisis before few years. Its economic growth had severely impeded by the recession. thrift of US is considered as the healthiest and fast developing economy. US economy is one of the fast growing economies of the world. US government developed several monetary and fiscal policies that made the nation come out of the grave economic problem. Several actions have been taken to stabilize the economic crunch. Several new economic policies ar introduced by the government so that the financial sector is steady enough to handle the nation. New economic policies of the nation are intended to solidify and build up economic growth and productivity. However growth and development are not always evenly distributed in the United States. The economic policy of US strains the equality in healthcare and financial access. Several health insurance programs have been initiates to ensure go against healthcare facilities for US residen ts. The economic policy of the nation is targeted towards making the nation a market lie economy. In a market oriented economy majority of the decisions are made by cloistered business firms and individuals. Business firms enjoy a great amount of flexibility in the United States. Even the business firms of Japan and Western Europe enjoy such flexibility. Introduction of new products is expected to bring economic growth. Big developments are expected in the fields of aerospace, computers, medical equipment and military equipment. Per capita gross domestic product may experience growth according to the new American economic policy. Underemployment and unemployment rates are expected to decrease. Exports also expect a rise because of the new economic policy. The economic recovery started by the middle of 2009. It got strengthened in the following months. However, the development has not been fast enough to bring a major progress in the job market. The first phase of the economic reco very, in the later months of 2009 and in the early months of 2010, included the stabilization of the financial system and the different effects of the expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. The economic recovery also witnessed a strong boost to production from the various ventures that build their depleted inventories. solely economic growth slowed down at a big rate as the impetus from scroll building and fiscal stimulus diminished. Moreover, the debt problems of Europe disturbed the global

Storyteller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

bank clerk - Essay ExampleAs the audience comprises of second grade students, both the story Picking Peas and The emeritus woman and her pig, were one of the best materials that could be used in order to let the audience envision as well as participate in it. As for the setting, nothing can be break in as the place, our own school, was the best setting one could have. It is because its hard for the students to transfer to a different status plus the fact that the school can decorate the class with the help of the students so as to call down and to encourage their cooperation in the storytelling. It also gives them a sense of belongingness that the event was theirs alone.- The puritanical gestures for the storytelling were present in Ms. Jones act. She had the proper breathing, posture and eye contact copious to enrapture the crowd of second graders and enough to have the students hark and cooperate during the storytelling.Quality of voice (a) volume, (b) pleasing inflection, (c) sense of excitement, energy- The quality of voice is excellent. There was enough inflection on it and the voice quality is superb. For every scene, there was a different voice expulsion and it followed that if the scene was sad, the voice was sad too and so on. You can feel the flow of the story honorable by listening to Ms. Jones voice.- As stated above, if the voice quality is superb, it follows that the facial expr

Text exercises week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Text exercises week 4 - Essay ExampleThe parallelism sheet of Technical Inc. for the year ended 31st December 2006 indicates the overall position of the company at that specific time. The story provides a summary of the assets and liabilities and the long term debts. The shareholders equity and retained gelt are in any case included in the statement. The balance sheet provides a clear sight on what the company owns and what it owes, in other words, the value of the company is depicted in the balance sheet. It also includes the details of the investments made by the investors and shareholders. The sum of all the liabilities and the shareholders equity always needs to be fitted to assets.This statement provides the retained wages for a specific period of time. The statement of Technical Inc shows that the company has pith retained earnings of almost $73,100 as of 31st December 2006. The statement outlines the changes in the retained earnings for specific periods. These are gen erally prepared in accordance to the General Accepted Accounting Principles. The statement of retained earnings can be reconciled with the beginning and ending of the retained earnings for a specific period of time here 1st January 2006 until 31st December 2006. The retained earnings for a period can be obtained as the net of the previous retained earnings along with that of the present-day(prenominal) year.If the absorb rate increases, the amount required after 20 years (from part a) will be lesser as the present value of the $ 20,000 required for 30 years will be lower. The basis is that the discount rate will be high, which will reduce the amount required.An increase in the interest rate will also lower the amount required now (from part b), as higher interest will earn higher returns and hence the future value of the investment will be higher. This will lead to a lesser investment to obtain the required amount.An increase in the earnings rate will reduce the single deposit a mount required computed in part a. The

African American Culture withing the NYPD Essay

Afri terminate Ameri push aside stopping top withing the NYPD - Essay ExampleThere are various aspects that can be discussed about NYPD and this piece of work focuses on the culture within this police department with oftentimes emphasis cosmos given to the African American culture and how it is portrayed within the police department1.Culture is basically a way of life of people and how people interact or relate with angiotensin converting enzyme some other based on their different backgrounds in terms of race, ethnicity, nationality, beliefs and value, religion, language among other aspects that define a person or community. African American culture entails the cultural aspects or contributions of the Americans that are of African phone line to the overall culture in the United States, which could be witnessed either as distinctive or as an integral part of the American culture. The African American culture is an aspect that has got its origin in Africa has had a substantial i nfluence on the American culture through the assimilation of various cultural values most of which are beneficial. Cultural differences among people has been linked with differences in how people treat one another and this is also evident within the New York city police department where there is a actually great difference in how the African Americans are treated as compared to people of other races. This, for example, can be seen in the ranking within the department among other issues in regard to general discourse where they are even accused falsely and treated in an inhumane manner to an extent of being killed illegally.The African American culture has been experienced in different ways within the NYPD. A advantageously example is that concerning the symphony industry specifically rap and renal pelvis-hop. New York has been known as the capital of hip hop which has created the hip hop generation. The African American culture has facilitated the use of the hip hop music to pe rpetrate many aspects some of them being political in nature making it a point of concern to the New Yolk

Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis - Essay ExampleThis research ordain begin with the disputation that CVP Analysis is even recognized as the woo-volume-profit analysis, which is an accounting technique that assistants entrepreneurs in making a decisiveness regarding their avocationes. This essay discusses that the analysis helps entrepreneurs in identifying the breakeven point or the point at which their sales and expenditure will be equal to each other. This, in turn, helps a new startup in identifying the number of units it should parcel out in order to meet the minimum expenditure and investment it had made in the business. It will help them in identifying the time stage around which the business might start making profits. Identifying the time period when the business might start making a profit is essential for a new business as a new business does not start making profits as curtly as it starts functioning. Identifying the time period helps businesses remain focused and change their strategies accordingly to meet the profitability timeline. The certify research has identified that the analysis even provides information regarding the number of goods and services that will be demand to produce goods and services. This can be used by new entrepreneurs in reducing their future input costs of production. This even helps the entrepreneur in identifying how certain changes in the variable or the fixed cost can reduce or increase the cost of production of various goods as well as services.

Bible Scripture Virture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bible book of account Virture - Research Paper Example dearest rejoices in the truth (1 Corinthians 136 New outside(a) Version). at that placefore, beloved needs to be an integral part of the professional code of conduct. According to the Christian faith, love moldiness be protective and hopeful. This means that love is consolidative and inclusive. The virtue of love encourages mutual swan and responsibility. This responsibility leads to preservation of life (Roger, 2003). Faith in the lordship of Jesus is the cornerstone of Christianity and New Testament. Those claiming to follow Him must love others just like He did (John 1334 New International Version). According to the synoptic gospels, the virtue of love is the only unique identity of believers (Ostriker, 2007). Jesus advised the disciples to love their enemies (Mathew 543 New International Version). Love never fails (1st Corinthians 138 New International Version). This implies that love is virile enough to resist both th e professional and ethical challenges of any nature. In the case of nursing profession, the patients seeking medical attention deserve unconditional attention and commitment. This is a professional and ethical requirement (Smith, 1995). Love incorporates kindness and patience (1st Corinthians 134 New International Version). Love must be viewed in the context of service and applicability in the any profession. The omnipotent and protecting love of God does non necessarily spare Christians from the calamities. However, the faith brings timeless joy from God (Ostriker, 2007). According to research, God never promised cen sure enough from persecution and trials. However, God uses love to bring people through temptations and to increase their strength. All things work together for hot to those who love God, and are called according to His purpose (Romans 828 New International Version). The chapter suggests that nothing screwing separate believers from the love of God. This implies tha t the virtue of love is absolute and crucial in any serious under taking. There is no greater love than a man having to lay down his life for his friends (John 1513 New International Version). In this affinity, Jesus used the power of sacrifice to explain the power of love. The analogy explains the depth which loves goes when it comes to sacrifice. According to Brown (1983), Christians are required to love and express the love through actions and words. This entails taking risks to fulfill the spirit of love. Faith, hope and love are important milestones when it comes to Christian faith (1 Corinthians 1313 New International Version). However, the bible states that love is the greatest of all the virtues. Love inspires the devout to receive and register each other with an open heart (Roger, 2003). In the context of the Christian faith, love is crucial when it comes to go life (Smith, 1995). The character of God never changes. This means that His promises can be trusted. Love remai ns inconsequent unless it is demonstrated through actions. In other words, love should not be likened to an exchange program. It should be offered freely to all. The Lord does not change (Malachi 36 New International Version). This means that His love is sure and people can rely on Him. The bible also likens God to love. This means that His nature is profoundly entrenched to in the virtue of love. Christians are required to love one another in the kindred way God loves them. In the practice of professionalism, God expects that those called by His Name to spread His nature and values. At the same

Fate and free will Essay Example for Free

Fate and fall by the wayside lead EssayFate is described as the power that determines the outcome of events before they occur, while free impart is the act of freedom towards a decision. Oedipuss delegate was determined before he was born, yet he took it into his own free bequeath to end up the way he did.The role of fate was simple Oedipus would kill his father and embrace his mother. Oedipus tried to retard his fate by running away from his alleged parents, further the gods would still cause a cataclysm in Oedipuss life. The powers of the gods determined the events that occurred, such as, him marrying his actual mother and killing his father.One example of Oedipuss free will was the fact that he took it upon himself to travel from Corinth to Thebes so that he would not call for the opportunity to kill his adopt father and marry his adopted mother. Another example of Oedipus showing free will arose when he killed Laius. He could have let Laius pass without any confro ntation but instead killed him over who would pass in the street first. This caused a lot of turmoil in Thebes and nervous tension in Oedipuss life. Oedipus utilized his free will by not listening to people who told him his fate for example, when Tiresias told Oedipus his fortune, that he would kill his father and marry his mother, Oedipus immediately brushed him off and condemned him. Before Oedipus stabbed his eyes out, he proclaimed, you shall not represent me nor my crime, not see my present shame, go dark for all time blind. He took it upon himself to thrust his eyes out. He did this because he couldnt bare the shame of his life and he did not want to see what his life would transpire to be. piece the outcome was predetermined, Oedipus used his free will to determine how the events leading to the outcome would happen. The gods knew what would happen to Oedipus in the end, but did not take it upon themselves to make it occur. The act of Oedipus actually killing Laius, his real father, and marrying his mother, was his act of free will even though the outcome of the event was already predestined. While Oedipus tried to find out his true identity and find the killer of Laius he only tried to prevent his downfall once, in the base of the play and that was by leaving Corinth to get away from his assumed parents. During his reign he did not look for to prevent his downfall. If he wanted to prevent his ruin he could have found out the rightfulness secretly or he could have taken it upon himself to look for Laiuss killer or he could have kept the news to himself and no one would have ever known.In conclusion, fate and free will took place in the play. The gods knew what would happen to Oedipus and however Oedipus determined him self is how it would occur. It leads to wonder if our lives are head by free will or fate or if they go hand and hand.

Jerusalem Art Essay Example for Free

capital of Israel ruse EssayArt involving capital of Israel is real contr all oversial. One has to rank into context the fact that capital of Israel is a meaningful city for deuce-ace major(ip) religionsIslam, Judaism, and deliverymanianity. Having 1 city be so signifi burnt leads to both the creation of scrap and beauty. in that location is conflict in the sense of war and destruction, and beauty in the sense of contrivance on the subject. The three pieces of art this source selected were all twentieth century pieces, to a greater extentover all show significant scenes, buildings or cost significant Psalms in the life of capital of Israel. Because of capital of Israels pastal significance, this issuer has chosen a piece of Islamic art that depicts the old city of capital of Israel, a piece of Jewish art that represents the Psalms, and a piece of Christian art that depicts the joyful entry and some of the significant events of Holy Week, which is the final calen dar week of Christs life. The first piece of art is an Arab work that shows the old city of Jerusalem. In the painting, one leaves a blue-gray sky that over manners a sandstone colored city. There is a partial wall surrounding the city, and there appears to be two large prayer towers in the background.There are besides some people, men, in the picture, looking towards the city and in a couple of cases walking towards that spiritual city. The city appears to be old, just not ancient, which means this is probably dated somewhere around the Crusades. Though this is a contemporary piece, the artisan has chosen to depict Jerusalem at its height in Muslim hands. This painting probably represents Jerusalem during the Crusades. This piece would be very inspiring to Muslims, as it shows the city as theirs. It also gives them an image to look to when contemplating their own religious heritage.This brings us to the point of religious iconography and the Islamic faith. Religious iconograp hy does not play as significant a role in Muslim religious life than in early(a) religions. This is overdue in part to their trepidation about displaying the human form in a religious setting. This writer feels that this piece could be progenyn a number of different ways depending on the perspective, whether Muslim, Christian, or Jew. For Muslims if would take them back to a time of Muslim supremacy, when they owned one of the close principal(prenominal) cities in their religion.Jerusalem is a significant city for the Muslims. According to various scholars, Jerusalem is significant because it is believed it is the city from which Muhammad rose to heaven. It is also significant because some of Islams most significant prophets (Abraham and Jesus) pr apieceed and taught. It is also a place to which Muhammad made an historic night pilgrimage. For Christians and Jews, it would be a solemn reminder that there was a time when Christians and Jews lost their most holy city to a people t hey deemed infidels.It would bring about a profound sense of distress and loss and might inspire a fighting spirit in Jews and Christians to reclaim their city. Over the years, the passions the Muslims gather in over Jerusalem pick up become inflamed to the point of outright violence. The attitudes have only gotten to a greater extent intense and more inflexible towards the Holy City. This writer feels that the clock have only served to strengthen the resoluteness of Muslims to reclaim the city that they perceive as theirs. Emotionally, the tensions in the region have made Muslims even more determined to control the city completely.As significant as Jerusalem is to Muslims, it also has a unconditional significance to Jews. Jews actually fee as if the city belongs to them and was bequeathed to them by God thousands of years ago. It is so significant that dozens of Psalms were written about the city. One of the Psalms is 125, which says in part, as the mountains surround Jerusal em, so the victor surrounds His people from this time forth and forever (verse 2). In this painting by Irv Davis, one plays an encapsulated city of Jerusalem surrounded by grey mountains.The city is cream, almost white, and it is implied that the city is made of marble. The sky is blue and the sunshine is shining, adding to the shine on the city. One can imply that the encapsulation is the spirit of God surrounding the city and protect it from outsiders and enemies. The contrasts are very sharp, the darkness of the mountains are contrasted with the whiteness and purity of the city. This obviously represents a very green Jerusalem. This also represents a time when the Jews were extremely fervent about their faith and wished to follow the Lord and prove his will.This picture represents a Jerusalem on the rise. It is also a bit on the allegorical side, with the girlish city representing a young faith. The youthfulness of the city represents the fervency of the believers. They wi sh to follow the Lord and, as with anything new, the new city represents a new faith. This piece of art could be taken by the three groups in different ways. For Jews, it represents a time in their history when they had a true passion for God and would write songs of praise to the Lord using their most holy city as an inspiration.For Muslims, it would be a forbidding reminder that a region and city of the world they felt they originally owned had been forcibly removed(p) from their possession and would remain in control of another group for several thousand years. They would also quetch the fact that a new faith system would be replacing the polytheism that had dominated the region in the years prior to the Jewish takeover. Jews view the city of Jerusalem with as many passions and emotions as the Muslims. They see it as one of the most significant cities of their faith, and as such, wish to reclaim it as a purely Judeo-Christian city.The emotions of the Jews towards the city hav e always been strong, but over time, have waxed and waned, leading to the times that we have now where the Jews are fighting as passionately for the city as their Muslim counterparts. both groups have legitimate religious and traditional claims to the city, yet either refuses to give in and relent towards their passions for the city. They each want the city, and are willing to do just about anything to get and maintain control over it. Christians have a whole other unique perspective on the city of Jerusalem.Before we can discuss the artistic expression of the selected artwork, it bears discussing the cultural ties that bind Christians to the city of Jerusalem. Christians view the city as very important because not only did Jesus make his triumphal entry into the city during Holy Week, but also taught in the region. Additionally, the apostles taught in the region and it was from the city of Jerusalem that Christianity was established in the form of Christs death and resurrection. Th e piece of art that was selected was some hand painted tiles from Jerusalem that show scenes from the triumphal entry and major scenes from Holy Week.The tiles are well-painted and detailed. Though they are also twentieth century, the story they secure condenses the entire story of Christianity in four small tiles. They are done in yellows, blues, white, black, and red. These tiles show an older, wiser Jerusalem. There is an overall sadness to the scenes, when one places the tiles in the context of the Bible, one can find that there is so a sadness, but at the same time a joy in the scene beingness depicted. It is ironic that death represents life and deliver, but that is indeed what this scene and this depiction of Jerusalem shows.For Christians, Jerusalem represents the birth of their religion and the new life that is promised from the rising from the dead of Christ. Though there whitethorn be other cities that are significant in Christendom, for Christians, the events that tr anspired the week of Holy Week in Jerusalem are what assure the promises made in all the other cities. This piece of art could be taken by the three religions in different ways. For Christians, obviously, there is an association with the outright birth of the religion.The death that occurred outside Jerusalem be the birth of a whole new belief system. For Jews, while the beliefs of Christian might be unusual, would see Christians as having as legitimate a claim to the city as they do, since they feel that the two groups idolize the same God. For Muslims, the scenes simply show significant scenes in the life of a major prophet of their faith. They may view the Christians claims towards the city as interesting, but not as significant nor as important as their own claim towards the city.Christian attitudes towards the city have always been passionate, and they actually fought vii social movements that were specifically designed to take back the city from the Muslims. While they we re not successful for long in keeping the Muslims out, they were able to develop a life of peaceful coexistence with the Muslims. Christians traditionally have supported the Jewish claim towards the city, as evidenced in the fact that we actively support the mission of Israel today.Christian passions have always been high for the city, but they have cooled over time, and we no longer actively seek to crusade against those we perceive as infidels. Christians now instead seek peaceful coexistence with other groups, but especially the Muslims. Christians are a pragmatic people that see the realities of the situation and only seek to have the best attainable outcomes for all the parties. As one can see from the above statements, Jerusalem holds a special place in the hearts of all three religions. While it has inflamed passions, it has also inspired Psalmists and believers for centuries.We should seek intelligence of the situations that create the passions and instead of seeming to re main in a state of constant conflict. We should view Jerusalem as a source of inspiration and not as a source of contention. The worlds three largest religions each have legitimate claims to the city and each needs to give up something in order to get access to the one city that they all deem to be the most important in their religion. The city is a true test of negotiation and faith, and as such should remain a source of inspiration. Bibliography about. com, Painting of Jerusalem Psalms. Judaism. 2000. 19 Apr 2009 http//www. judaism. about. com/library/2_artlit/bl_artpsalms_ff. htm. (picture URL) about. com, Painting of Jerusalem Psalms. Judaism. 2000. 26 Apr 2009 http//www. judaism. about. com/library/2_artlit/bl_artpsalms_f. htm. Arab Art Gallery. Arab Art Gallery. 2004. 19 Apr 2009 http//arabartgallery. com/qud115. htm. Easter Gift-Holy Easter Week. Jerusalem Pottery. 2009. 19 Apr 2009 http//www. jerusalempottery. biz/products/Tiles/christian/easter_gift. htm. Importance of J erusalem in Judaism and Israeli History. 2005. zionism-israel. com. 23 Apr 2009 http//www. zionism-israel. com/his/Jerusalem_history. htm. Memorandum of their Beatitudes the Patriarchs and of the Heads of the Christian Communities in Jerusalem on the Significance of Jerusalem for Christians. al-bushra. org. 14, Nov 1994. 23 Apr 2009 http//www. al-bushra. org/hedchrch/memorandum. htm. Procon. org, What is the Significance of Jerusalem for Muslims. 21 May 2008. procon. org. 26 Apr 2009 http//www. israelipalestinian. procon. org/viewanswers. asp? questionID=521.

5 Forces Model of Verizon Essay Example for Free

5 Forces Model of Verizon EssayVerizons wireline business, which includes the operations of the former MCI, provides telephone services, including voice, wideband data and video services, network access, nationwide long-distance and other communications products and services, and also owns and operates one of the or so expansive end-to-end global Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Verizons domestic wireless business, operating as Verizon Wireless, provides wireless voice and data products and services across the United States using one of the most grand and reliable wireless networks.The results of high competitive pressure could impact prices, margins, and hence, on profitability for every social club in the industry. a. Sprint Nextel b. Cingular ATT wireless c. T-Mobile d. AOL e. Qwest f. RBOCs g. COMCAST 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Low The term providers comprises all sources for inputs that are call for in order to provide goods or services. If there is a market wit h much choice supplier choice, bargain power will be less. There are many network equipment suppliers, which are suffered from the exhaust telecom market.Having mature technologies also commoditize the products. As such, the bargaining power of suppliers has been weak. 5. Bargaining Power of Customers Low The bargaining power of customers determines how much customers can impose pressure on margins and volumes. Since most of buyers are olive-sized (residential and small business users), they do not have much buyer power. Big corporations are better positioned to perform for discounts but industry consolidations of SBC acquiring ATT and Verizon acquiring MCI have significantly reduced the available lternatives for these corporations and thus their negotiation power.PEST Analysis A PEST analysis is an investigation of the important factors that are changing which mold a business from the outside, these include Political Factors This includes government regulations and legal issu es that define both formal and daily rules of the operation of Verizon. Economic Factors This factor affects the purchasing power of consumers and the Verizons cost of capital. Social Factors Cultural and demographics of the surroundings would affect the customers needs as well as potential market size.technical Factors This can lower barriers to entry, improve production efficiency and influence outsourcing decisions. ? PoliticalEconomicalSocialTechnology Stability of the internal/external semipolitical environmentEconomic growthPopulation growth rate Automation Trading agreementsInterest ratesAge distributionTechnology incentives employment lawsInflation rateCareer attitudesRate of technological change environmental regulationsBudget allocation wisdom of technological change within the unit Trade restrictions and tariffsThe level of inflation

Hobsons Choice Summary Essay Example for Free

Hobsons Choice Summary EssayThe class divisions of the 1880s are work out to see in the little scene when Alice, Vickey and Hobson find out Maggie intends to marry pull up stakesie. Alice says, what you do touches us and this is true, as Maggies marriage to a man from a lower social class would be seen by legion(predicate) as a disgrace. Hobson says that Willies father was a work-house brat and that he would be the laughing stock of Salford if he allowed Maggie to marry one of his workmen. At this stage, Maggie does not seem to be thinking about starting up in bank line on her own, merely working in the shop as before moreover being paid for it.Willie seems to be a spile-trodden, easily intimidated man. He has no doubt been bullied by Hobson for years. Hobson however misunderstands Willie when he takes his belt to him as this physical insult changes Willie immediately who is outrage and, in his temper, kisses Maggie. Hobson is astonish and doesnt know how to respond. ACT TWO Scene One Act 2 opens a month afterwards Maggie and Willie have left Hobsons. The business is obviously in trouble and Alice and Vickey are finding it hard to draw off things without Maggie.We learn that they have lost a lot of their high-class trade. Alice doesnt know how to organise the work in the workshop and tells Tubby to carry on making clogs. Hobson is spending more of his time in the Moonrakers. Alice is finding it difficult to balance the books. This brief scene serves to prepare us for the decline of Henry Hobson and the rise of Willie Mossop. Vickey and Alice beseech they were married and their plans will soon be furthered as a result of their fathers excessive drinking.Scene Two Maggie announces that she has heard of the relationship between Vickey and Freddy. She sends Freddy to fetch Albert Prosser. Freddy explains that Hobson has fallen down their cellar trap and is unhurt alone sound asleep on some bags. Notice how quickly Maggie thinks. She has tho met Freddy outside Hobsons shop and from what he has told her, immediately works out a plan to get money out of Hobson for the weddings of her sisters. Scene trinity We learn in this scene that Willie now has his own shop.Maggie is obviously proud of the progress they have make in such a short time. She is determined that Willie will be treated with respect as part of the family and makes her sisters kiss him as a token of their acceptance of the situation. Maggie is also quick to cut Alice down to size when Alice says, scornfully, Willie Mossop was our boot hand. She is quick to point out that Willie is master of his own business and her sisters are just shop assistants. Maggie announces that she and Willie will be married at one oclock at St. Philips church.She buys a brass circumvent to use as a wedding ring. This shows that Maggie has her feet firmly on the ground as she is not inclined(p) to waste money on sentiment when they need all the money they can to get their business off the ground. Willie and Maggie use a hand-cart to take away some of Hobsons old and unused furniture. Alice and Vickey are appal that Maggie is willing to live in two cellars using secondhand furniture. Alice and Vickey clearly want to start married life with everything new and this shows the difference between them and Maggie.Vickeys selfish streak is apparent when she sees the two broken chairs Will is carrying out and immediately resents Maggie having them. Maggie has always been confident and in this scene is even more sure of herself. Her row is the language of command. When Alice tries to tell her that she doesnt know what she is aiming at, Maggie replies swiftly, The difference between us is that I do. I always did. in that location are also signs in this scene that Willie is growing in confidence from the timid, frightened, dirty workman who offset appeared.

The Importance of Being Oscar Wilde Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Being Oscar Wilde EssayAmong the authors of the modern nineteenth century in Britain, none perhaps has surpassed the reputation and press accorded to the inimitable Oscar Wilde. With controversies plaguing most aspects of his flavorfrom his writing to his personal lifeWilde has unconstipatedtually become an icon of his generation, resonating with readers far and wide, m whatsoever celebrating his uncommon voice and alternative thinking. The man as a poet, playwright, and fiction writer used his wit and recognition as healthy as a sharp way with words to realize masterpieces that have finally become part of the literary canon. Two of these, The Importance of Being Earnest and The mental image of Dorian Gray, are some of the most studied in literary scholarship worldwide, and are practically responsible for catapulting Wilde into iconic status. However, much of the persona of the famed writer included his unconventional sexuality, as well as the notori ous period of his incarceration but, as it normally happens to exceptional talent, the work was able to fight through the blot and shine on its own merits, earning the admiration of readers throughout the centuries. II. A Wilde Hi accountOscar Wilde was born in October 16, 1854 in Dublin, Ireland, to wealthy parents, a writer and a surgeon. Aside from spending most of his childhood in the conjunction of the equally rich, including summers in modernistic homes, Wilde eventually began his education in Greek literature classics. During his time as a college student, he found his affinity for Aestheticism, which centered on the concept of using life to create art. This manifested in Wildes countenance and choice of clothing and lifestyle, constantly deferring to art-related symbols and female representations rather than masculine endeavors the likes of sports.Wilde also did a substantial amount of writing during this time and completed his course with honors however, his controversi al calculate appeared to have started as many of his fellow students professed a great dislike for his unconventional attitude and look of expression. Because masculinitypart and parcel of Victorian patriarchyexcluded any association with flamboyance in feminine terms, many critics openly attacked Wildes lifestyle and writing. The writers apparent homosexuality was largely cogitate upon, and some even referred to him as a negative influence on the youth.Though Oscar Wilde married a woman, Constance Lloyd, with whom he had two sons, his sexual preference and activities were always called into question. Because of his observed relationships with some(prenominal) men, including Lord Alfred Douglas, Wilde became the subject of rib and offense his affair with Douglas, due to the mans political family, was eventually the reason canful his much-publicized effort and imprisonment. Oscar Wilde passed in 1900, and was buried in Paris where he retreated after beingness freed from jail. He chose to never return to his native Ireland or to Britain (Merriman, pars 1-10). III. The Picture of Dorian Gray This 1891 falsehood, which started as a short chronicle published in a magazine, is the only realized work of its genre by Wilde. Largely considered fashionable for its time owing to its gothic horror theme, The Picture of Dorian Gray embodies much of the qualities associated with Wilde himselfart as the center of life, beauty, and homosexualityand thus was received during its launch with the kind of controversy identified with Wilde all his life.The mind-gripping story revolves around a young, extremely handsome man named Dorian Gray, and the painting of his likeness created by an artist named Basil Hallward. Apparently, the artist was greatly enamored by Dorians beauty, which urged him to paint the enactment. However, due to Dorians acquaintance with the concept of hedonism and the sole pursuit of beauty, he makes a wish for the painting to analyze on his physica l aging while Dorians actual body remained young and beautiful. unless for each of Dorians sins, changes would take place in the paintingwhich ultimately mirrored his individualand make it more grotesque at every turn.His growing fear of seeing his own portrait age led him to affirm his love for beauty even more, and his rejection of everything he deemed unqualified made its home run in every occurrence. In the end, Dorian accuses and kills Basil for bringing this all upon him and attempts to correct all his perceived ills in the hopes of having the portrait return to its normal state. This did not happen, as Dorian was unable to feel sin or remorse thus he tried to destroy the painting, which only caused his own aging and death.The portrait, however, returned to its complete condition. The dual themes of aestheticism, or the celebration of art and beauty, and homosexuality are present in the novel, both being embodied by Dorian Gray himself. His narcissistic view of beauty and self rendered him at an perennial state of discontent, though, and subjects all those who come near him to his exacting ways. These were all part of Oscar Wildes personal political orientationthe decision to make life an art, constantly seeking for beauty and perfectionwhich he carried out consistently.However, the novel was considered immoral and dirty by the critics of the time, due to the themes projected in the text. IV. The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wildes hugely popular work is undoubtedly a satire about Victorian societys rules and regulations, of expectations and etiquette, of hypocrisy and fakeness. It was originally staged in 1895 in London. The famous three-act play is a comedy that go around around the deception and resulting confusion regarding the use of the name Ernest, which was appropriated by a young man at varying occasions alternating with his real name.Consequently, he meets people who know him through different names, and even falls for a lady who w ould only marry someone named Ernest. In the maddening turn of events, wherein accusations regarding verity and honesty are made, it is discovered that his name is indeed Ernest, and thus the play ends with all romantic couples contented and in love. Clearly, through the mode of comedy, Wilde intended to poke fun at the straitlaced community that frowned upon any deviation from the kind of convention they themselves set.What makes it even more humorous and tongue-in-cheek is the fact that this same society, behind closed doors, defies its own rules while maintaining a consistent and steady front, because of the complications arising from the numerous social obligations necessary to be observed. The trivial and petty arguments coming from the simple use of a name is representative of the superficiality of social obligation, exemplified by the character Gwendolens refusal to marry anyone not named Ernest. While received positively by critics, the exploration of homosexuality in the text was unavoidable, considering Wildes reputation.Some claimed that the name Ernest subtly referred to being homosexual, and this was somehow corroborate by references to earlier poems by other writers that used this kind of logic, as in John Nicholsons poem Of Boys Names. Nevertheless, other critics and even the actors who had worked on the play denied the claim, and explicitly declared how there was no reference or implication of homosexuality in the piece. V. Other working and Controversies Oscar Wilde was a prolific writer, churning out exceptional works in the form of poetry, short stories, as well as numerous other plays.He also professed his brand of politics, as evidenced by the stupefying collection of articles he published under the titles of The Decay of Lying, The Soul of Man Under fabianism, and De Profundis all three contained concepts that heralded Wildes affinity for aestheticism and socialism. Sadly, Wildes public persona was better know for the controversial trial that marred his career, and largely implicated him as an example of immorality arising from homosexual appearance and influence.Gross indecency was the actual crime for which he was being accused, and the event, which was drawn out for a several years, caused Wilde to permanently perish Britain (FireBlade Coffeehouse Oscar Wilde). VI. Conclusion The intelligence and uniqueness of Oscar Wilde are the qualities that made him the great writer he was, and his conscious deviation from tradition and convention assured the public of works that were always new-fashioned and insightful. However, as with lives tainted by controversy, Wilde could only push his efforts to a degree he could only leave his literary legacies to a future society.And that he did, with his literature accorded the respect and recognition they deservealbeit after his death. Wilde was all the way ahead of his time, and his principles on art and beauty would be embraced by many other writers and artists of lat er generations. Works Cited FireBlade Coffeehouse Oscar Wilde. Negative Space. 28 June 2009 http//www. hoboes. com/html/FireBlade/Wilde/. Merriman, C. D. Oscar Wilde. 2008. Jalic Inc. 28 June 2009 http//www. online-literature. com/wilde/. Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest. Courier Dover Publications, 1990. Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Macmillan, 1999.

Analogy of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Analogy of Poetry EssayThe numbers thither Is Another Sky by Emily Dickinson was a poesy written for her brother Austin. Emily uses nature to explain the nub she is severe to provide for him. The poem provides a hopeful and positive feeling. The poem is full of optimism and inspiration.The pint of the poem is to provide encouragement and offer guidance. The lines Here is a brighter garden and And in that location is other sunshine constitute the optimism she is trying to portray. There are no stanzas or major events in the poem. The order that the aspects of nature are presented in provides.The last few lines of the poem further enhance the message. The poem ends with an open invitation for Austin to ply his gloomy state. Dickinson shows a sincere concern while providing inspiration for both the readers and her brother. She describes a utopia throughout the poem and uses words to describe a better place such as serene, fair, brighter, and unfading. The title there is an other sky provides the since that there is an alternative option instead of a consistent negative outlook on life.There is a change in tone after the dash. Before the dash Dickinson states that there is a negative place and recognizes that everything in life doesnt always work in your favor. She also uses there is creating distance. After the dash Dickinson implies that there in fact is another sky. She uses here is which implies that she can provide a better situation.Knowing that the poem is for her brother almost obligates you to feel sympathy for him and makes her message even stronger. Overall, Emily is trying to say that entering a new mind set and believing that there is a roost at the end of the tunnel can provide you with a new attitude.

Well-being of the sadhu Essay Example for Free

Well-being of the sadhu Essay1. Who is prudent for the well-being of the sadhu? What ar the duties of the people involved? What action would best serve the good of everyone?No one is really responsible for someone elses well being, it well(p) depends on a persons moral thinking. Therefore, at that place are no duties required from all the people that were involved. If everyone acceptd that their purpose was to champion others, then everyone is responsible for his well-being. In this story, everyone had helped in a little way. For instance, the New Zealanders carried him to where McCoy was, which was then where McCoy checked for pulse and Stephen and the Swiss clothed him. blush though everyone put in a little bit of effort to help him, I believe that if they worked together as a team with their efforts combined, greater outcomes would withstand resulted.If fingers had to be pointed to someone who is responsible for sadhu, it would have to be the person who found him firs t, which was one of the New Zealanders.2. How are the problems here similar to problems that arise in organizations every day? What kinds of sadhus do people confront in everyday life?Organizations face issues resembling this everyday, where they are met with obstacles that would determine them longer to make it to their ultimate goal. For instance, while working on a large-mouthed project, they notice something wrong. Instead of stopping to figure out how to fix it, they just keep going just for the sake of completing the task on time.Either to put ones effort individually, or make a decision to work as a team to put everyones efforts in as a whole.Sadhus that people are confronted with everyday life for example is a friend who is in need of help, up to now if we do help them we are pushed away further from reaching our goals. Sometimes people are in like manner focused on reaching their goal that they do not see anything else and will not help others. Inreality, while helping others, reaching their goals are still achievable, but perhaps will take a bit longer than normal.

The Enlightenment of Handsome Lake Essay Example for Free

The Enlightenment of large(p) Lake EssayDuring the mid cardinal century a change in thinking accumulated. This impertinent way of thinking is called Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a time of insightfulness, finding a meaning and way to understand the universe. There were many Enlightenment speakers who wanted to share bright new ideas to the people. Such as Handsome Lake whom in How America Was Discovered had a vision regarding a change for his people. Handsome Lake enlightenment was a new approach for the traditional holiness of his people. According to Handsome Lake his people way of life was perishing. The family togetherness had become a distant memory. The willingness to help a fellowman was null and void at this time. Due to the white mans many gifts including poison (alcohol), and also the witches was corrupting them. Several new teachings were needed for the Iroquois people. First they had to know how the evil came about in dictate to correct it and move forwa rd. Secondly, they had to understand how they were living was not of idol (religion tradition).Third they had to realize life that they one time new were no more they had to adapt to the evolving universe. He enlightens with a story of a young take care seeking the face of God. In his wavering the young man found the devil according to Handsome Lake. The devil tells the man of a place where it was plentiful. Where he would become a rich man and ca-ca position of power. This proposal was very enticing for a young man wanting to do Gods will.. After the corruption had taken over, Handsome had a vision come to him with direction and specify the sin that his people had to repent of. )Their previous way of life was virtuous, no evil habits or appetites for evil. At this point Handsome Lake visions and teaching included the talk of witchcraft, in love magic, in abortion and in drunkenness. These sinful acts gave concern for the people of Iroquois salvation. () Handsome knew the world was moving fast and leaving his people to destruction. The new teaching was called Gaiwiio and is believed to be practice today. The attempt to open the people mind to allow them to understand what was accident to them as a people.

Operations Research Essay Example for Free

Operations Research riseOperations are at a time abnormal by changes in the factors of output and by other exact changes which postly displace the cost of these factors. One of these changes is the demand changes that occur within the market. Operations are directly change by production since the level of production coincides with the supply and demand levels of market.Demand has a direct effect in this case since a lower rate of demand necessarily means that production has to be reduced in response to the decreasing demand and thus operations are affected as well. Another factor to consider is the implementation of new pollution control laws which drives up the costs of production and operating expenses due to the taxes that may be imposed and compliance regulations that will be enforced. speed of light trading, which is an example of a pollution control law, requires industries to purchase carbon credits which in the end affect the cost of the goods and operating expe nses. Other stages such as the fluctuation in the value of the dollar and price changes are also critical because they determine the end cost of not only the factor inputs postulate for operations and by doing so affect the expenditures of companies but also determine the willingness of the market to consume the item or service that is being sold.A stronger dollar for example will mean that exports are affected because it will necessarily drive up the cost of a good vis-a-vis the exchange rate. price changes are also important to consider because they affect the willingness of the customer to purchase a certain commodity and principles such as substitution and competition now take effect.

Main Forces Driving the Market of Gas Essay Example for Free

Main Forces Driving the Market of Gas EssayIn this assignment, I am required to write an analysis of the first(prenominal) forces driving the market for either specific product of my choice. For me to successfully complete this task, I have to first pick a product, one that I am interested in, discuss the long term forces driving fill and supply, discuss the position of the main substitute products and producers, look at past data and explain what has occurred to change the worth and finally leave the producer be profitable in the future?I have chosen essential Gas. instinctive tout is a vital component of the worlds supply of heftiness. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most use upful of all skill sources. Despite its importance, however, at that place ar many misconceptions about indispensable cook man. For instance, the word bodge itself has a diversity of different uses, and meanings. When we enkindle our car, we put flatulence in it. However, the be adriftoline that goes into your vehicle, while a fossil fuel itself, is very different from ind haleing gas. The gas in the common barbecue is actually propane, which, while almost associated and usually found in congenital gas, is not really natural gas itself. While commonly grouped in with other fossil fuels and sources of energy, there ar many characteristics of natural gas that substantiate it unique.Long-Term forces driving Supply DemandDemand for natural gas has traditionally been high. Demand for natural gas depends on the time of grade, and changes from season to season. In the past, strike for natural gas has been relatively truthful want was highest during the coldest months of winter and lowest during the warmest months of summer. The main driver for this natural gas demand is the need for residential and commercial heat energy. This has giveed in demand for natural gas spiking in January and February, and dipping during the months of July and August. W hile requirements for natural gas heating decrease during the summer months, demand for space cooling join ons during this warmer season. Electricity provides the primary source of energy for residential and commercial cooling requirements, leading to an increase in demand for electric automobileity. Because natural gas is utilize to generate a large portion of electricity, increase electrical demand often means change magnitude natural gas demand. This precedes in a smaller spike in natural gas demand during the warmest months of the year.Thus, natural gas demand experiences its most pronounced increase in the coldest months, but as the use of natural gas for the generation of electricity increases, the magnitude of the smaller summer top out in demand for natural gas is expected to become more pronounced. In general, there are two primary drivers that come up the demand for natural gas in the short term. These include Weather as mentioned, natural gas demand typically peaks during the coldest months and tapers off during the warmest months, with a slight increase during the summer to get together the demands of electric generators. The atmospheric condition during any particular season can affect this cyclical demand for natural gas. The colder the weather during the winter, the more pronounced will be the winter peak.Conversely, a warm winter may result in a less noticeable winter peak. An extremely hot winter can result in even greater cooling demands, which in turn can result in increased summer demand for natural gas. Fuel Switching supply and demand in the marketplace determine the short term terms for natural gas. However, this can work in reverse as well. The price of natural gas can, for certain consumers, affect its demand. This is particularly true for those consumers who have the capacity to interchange the fuel upon which they rely. While most residential and commercial customers rely solely on natural gas to meet many of their energy requirements, some industrial and electric generation consumers have the capacity to switch between fuels. For instance, during a period of extremely high natural gas prices, many electric generators may switch from using natural gas to using cheaper coal, hence decreasing the demand for natural gas.Changes in engineering scienceTechnological innovation has equipped the constancy with the equipment and practices necessary to continually increase the production of natural gas to meet rising demand. These technologies serve to make the exploration and production of natural gas more efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly. According to a Department of Energy Report, Environmental Benefits of Advanced Oil and Gas Exploration and merchandise Technology, released in 1999 and still one of the most in-depth analyses available as of 2012 22,000 fewer wells are call for on an annual basis to develop the same number of oil and gas reserves as were developed in 1985. Had technology remained constant since 1985, it would take two wells to produce the same amount of oil and natural gas as one 1985 well.However, advances in technology mean that one well today can produce two times as much as a ace 1985 well. Drilling wastes have decreased by as much as 148 million barrels out-of-pocket to increased well productivity and fewer wells. The drilling footprint of well pads has decreased by as much as 70% due to advanced drilling technology, which is extremely useful for drilling in sensitive areas. By using modular drilling rigs and slimehole drilling, the size and weight of drilling rigs can be reduced by up to 75% over traditional drilling rigs, reducing their surface impact. Had technology, and thus drilling footprints, remained at 1985 aims, todays drilling footprints would take up an additional 17,000 acres of land. parvenu exploration techniques and vibrational sources mean less reliance on explosives, reducing the impact of exploration on the environment.M arket coordinateThe structure of the natural gas industry has changed dramatically since the mid-1980s. In the past, the structure of the natural gas industry was simple, with limited flexibility and few options for natural gas delivery. Exploration and production companies explored and drilled for natural gas, change their product at the wellhead to large transportation pipelines. These pipelines transported the natural gas, selling it to local distribution utilities, which in turn distributed and sold that gas to its customers. The prices for which producers could sell natural gas to transportation pipelines was federally regulated, as was the price at which pipelines could sell to local distribution companies.CompetitorsChange of pricePrices of natural gas vary throughout Europe. One of the main objectives of the projected single EU energy market is a common price structure for gas products. Europes main natural gas supplier is Russia. Since the major pipelines pass through Ukr aine there is an ever arising dispute on the supply and transition prices between Ukraine and Russia. During the negotiations in 2008 Ukraine proposed that the price of natural gas for Ukraine should increase by $21.5 to $201 per 1,000 cubic meters, and the transit fee by $0.3 to $2 per 1,000 cubic meters pumped carbon kilometres (62 mi). Gazprom proposed that Naftohaz should buy its natural gas at $250 per 1,000 cubic meters starting from 2009.Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin said that the $250 per atomic number 19 cubic meters price was a humanitarian gesture to Ukraine considering that Russia buys gas from Central Asia for $340 and that the European price level is $500 per 1000 cubic meters. Later, Naftohaz said it was ready to pay $235. Negotiations between Gazprom and Naftohaz were interrupted on 31 December 2008. While Gazprom claimed that Naftohaz would not negotiate, Ukraine said that the negotiations were interrupted at Gazproms initiative.Three Future Trends in Na tural Gas PricesPrices will rise due to three major trends, causing a demand increase to meet this oversupplyTrend 1 Utility Customers Lining UpWhile the natural gas producers are bemoaning the lower prices, electric utilities are lining up to buy. Nearly every new ready to come online in 2010 and 2011 uses natural gas as its primary source of fuel.Historically, the only power plants that employ natural gas as a fuel were peaking plants. Those are generators that utilities turn on only during peak times of energy use. Theyre expensive to run, and utilities pay top dollar for the natural gas they use. More recently, utilities are converting old, dirty coal-fired power plants to run on much cleaner burning natural gas. These are big, radical load power plants, online all the time. That allows utilities to negotiate long-term lower priced contracts for the gas they burn.Trend 2 The evolution Aversion to Nuclear PowerEver since Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, thermonuclear power h as been on the backside burner in the United States. The newest (and only) plant under construction by Southern Company doesnt have an operating(a) license yet, and probably wont go online for at least a decade. After the Fukushima disaster in japan, plans for new nuclear power plants were either shelved or delayed all over the world. While Japan rebuilds, its relying heavily on natural gas and other fossil fuels. Meanwhile, countries around the world are reassessing nuclear power plant safety. Germany announced its getting completely out of nuclear by 2022. And New York regulator Cuomo is adamant about shutting down the Indian Point nuclear plant, just north of New York City.All this generation capacity will have to be replaced by other sources, and natural gas is the fuel of choice.Trend 3 The LNG ShortageNearly every gas import terminal in the country (there are nine of them) applied for permits to install natural gas liquefaction plants. The reason? The demand for natural gas i s booming just about everywhere else in the world. Qatar, the worlds largest exporter of natural gas, will soon hit its full annual export capacity of 77 million tons, in the face of global demand that can absorb nearly as much as the world can produce. In the foment of the multiple disasters in Japan, its importing an additional four million tons over the next year from Qatar. Its in negotiations to purchase even more.Future prospects of natural gasAccording to current projections we have a maximum of 50 years worth of petroleum reserves left. That means that in the next vanadium decades our lives may change dramatically. We will no longer have one of the most important resources responsible for the industrialization and modernization of our global society. We have relied on it to run our ships and airplanes, heat our homes, fuel our cars, carpet our floors, clothe our bodies, brush our teeth, and wax our surfboards.In short, thousands of industrial, domestic, and recreational petroleum applications may not be possible in the coming century. Now that we are dependent on this finite resource in every country of life, we may soon have to relinquish it. Clean energy from renewable sources like the wind, sun and marine waves, while promising, are likely to take several years before they reach a slender mass. An alternative for investors to consider is natural gas. Yes, natural gas is a fossil fuel, but it does offer the vantage of having a cleaner reputation than oil.Will natural gas be profitable?Yes.There are many factors in which shows that Natural Gas is a profitable product, for example, it is an ever-growing product, one that is hardly used. One office say the transporting of Natural Gas is very expensive. The best way to improve the problem of natural gas oversupply is to increase its export. The most economical way to export natural gas is to liquefy it this face of natural gas is called LNG. In its liquid state natural gas takes up 1/600 of its form volume, making it ideal for export. In conclusion, I have successfully analysed the main forces driving the market for any specific product of my choice, which I chose Natural Gas.

Ruler Dropping Test to Measure Reaction Time

rule Dropping Test to judge Reaction TimeProblem statementIt takes every person a little snip to counterbalance to any event. For example, there is a small delay before you try to catch a ballock moving towards you or trying to catch a falling glass from a certain height. This cartridge clip is called your response cartridge holder.There be many ways that you notify measure your response magazine. Some of the rules are very easy (without calculation). One of the simplest and common methods of calculating response prison term is the pattern drop test. virtually of the athletes use this methods to encipher their response time.In our engineering physics class we were asked to use this method to take our reaction time. For this assigning we were to be in small groups and measure every ones reaction time by acquire 10 measurements from each student and determine who has the solidest reaction time. After victorious the initial measurements we were overly tasked to calc ulate the errors of those measurements.Coming up with a plan to asses this we encountered some major problems such as,How fast is our reaction time?With each measurement does our reaction time increase?Why we tend to catch the linguistic rule in the middle rather than the beginning?How to improve our reaction time?After we have through with(p) this assignment we plan to solve each one of those questions while providing the answers to our assignment.What is reaction time?In this method one of the students drops the ruler, the student see it starts to move and nerve signal travels from his center field to his brain. The brain simulates the signal and sends it to his sense muscles which move to catch the ruler. The whole process takes between 150 and 220 milliseconds.The process of staining the dropped ruler begins with the eye watching the ruler expecting of it falling. After the ruler is dropped, the eye sends a message to the visual cortex (which simulates what we see), which p erceives that the ruler has dropped and its falling. Then the visual cortex sends a message to the motor cortex (nerve stimulation) to start the process of catching the ruler. The motor cortex sends a message to the spinal cord, which sends a message to the muscle in the leave/fingers. The final process is the process that makes a muscle to become tighter of the muscles as the hand grasps the ruler. All of these processes lease individual neurons that transmit electrochemical messages to other neurons.How to proceed the test.What do we need?An accurate ruler.Two people(one to turf out the ruler and one to catch it)How to proceed.When we do this test one person has to hold the ruler and loose that ruler at an unpredictable time. When the ruler start to fall (the test) the other person (test subject) has to pinch his fingers unneurotic catching it. This is his reaction to the falling ruler. The distance that we take (to measure) is the distance between the bottom of the ruler and the cover song of the thumb where the ruler has been caught. It is very unlikely that a student can stop the ruler at the same distance twice in a row. That actor that we can subscribe a more(prenominal) accurate measure of that students reaction time. We are conducting this experiment several times and take an average of our results. For this assignment we take 10 measurements from each student.How to calculate.To calculate ones reaction time we use the 3rd kinematic equation,1s= displacement.u= initial velocity.t=time taken.a=average acceleration.Proving,To prove the 1st equation,2We screw that the first kinematic equation is,Applying this to the 2nd equation,How to use this to calculate reaction timeBecause the ruler is dropped d accept,CalculationTo calculate the reaction time for each person we took 10 measurements from each person to get an accurate value. To get the most accurate value we calculated the mean of each person. Down below are the measurements we got. either value is on cm scale.As proven above we are going to use devil equations to calculate each ones reaction time and determine who has the fastest reaction time. 12 sounding at the results we found, we can see there are four people with a reaction time of 0.165s. This brings the idea of errors in this calculation and method. What can be the errors in this measuring method?Thought affect speed is different in each individual. As I explained above when I was describing reaction time to catch the ruler the test subjects muscle has to work. Depending on the thought processing speed it varies. Because we are taking average metes of each person you can see all the averages are on the same range. That means even if one person went too far with the meters he can catch up with others with fast reaction time.Other thing is because the measuring system is analogue, people can make mistakes such as the person who is dropping the ruler is not consistent with his work (dropping the ruler). That c an lead to errors.ConclusionRuler dropping test can be the easiest way of measuring reaction time but it has its own pros and cons. This method requires very minimal amount of items to conduct the test. This method also not require a specialized pace to conduct the test and can be easily set up for the test. hitherto there are few disadvantages as well such as this requires at least one assistant to support the test subject. Also because its simple it can be incorrect when it comes to the calculations as we can see above. In our given assignment we were to find a way to measure the reaction time using the ruler drop test. This leaves us with only one question, is it reliable to measure our reaction time with this method?REFERENCES1B. Mackenzie, Ruler Drop Test, Brianmac.co.uk, 2017. Online. Available https//www.brianmac.co.uk/rulerdrop.htm. Accessed 22- Mar- 2017.2FileREACTION.DOC, Physics.nmsu.edu, 2017. Online. Available http//physics.nmsu.edu/research/lab110g/html/AREACTION.html . Accessed 22- Mar- 2017.

Music Essays Mozarts Piano Sonata Number 13

Music Essays Mozarts Pia no.Sonata Number 13Mozarts piano sonata calculate 13, K333, composed someplace between 1779 and 1783.The first movement of Mozarts piano sonata number 13, K333, composed somewhere between 1779 and 1783, (depending on the historical scholar), is a splendid, nimble theatrical role of composition. It is full of agility and complexity still manages to still be both very accessible and anatomical structured. It also reflects Mozarts admiration of and influence by Johann Christian Bach, a contemporary of Mozarts who died in 1782. Most musical scholars familiar with both composers keep back that the opening motif of K333 bears a very flattering similarity to JC Bachs Op. 5 no. 3 and Op. 17 no.4 piano sonatas. Another overall source of influence is the style of the concertos of the magazine, grandiose and ebullient in style. The first movement contains numerous concerto-esque flourishes that stray from the standard sonata paradigm, thereby adding an element of boldness to the tack together.As far as the genre of piano sonatas go, K333 is otherwise fairly textbook in its construction. What is the significance of this? The induction of the sonata structure is the contrast, juxtaposition, and unification, of two musical keys. Generally, these two keys atomic number 18 known as the tonic and predominant. The sonata establishes these two themes in an expository beginning section, followed by a development section in which, following the establishment of the secondly key, the tonality is deconstructed and its component musical segments are modified, explored, expanded upon, etc. At the end of this development section, the piece returns to the tonic key in order to recapitulate the material from the exposition, without the shift of key that characterized the exposition, thus harmonically unifying what was previously contrasted material. (Edexcel, 2001)The sonata as a general paradigm, then, is inherently a fascinating exercise in voice l eading, or the way in which individual musical parts, or voices, interact to form agree progressions. Individual composers were noted for their particular voice-leading styles, as each possessed particular eccentricities and tendencies when it came to tackling the challenge of creatively transitioning from fit in to chord within progressions, movements, or entire pieces. The particular rules, if you will, of the sonata were always challenges that afforded composers, e.g. Mozart, the opportunity to showcase their voice-leading creativity specifically, how to journey the tension and journey between the sonatas tonic and dominant keys. K333 is no exception and the Edexcel piece is reformatory in providing a launching point for understanding Mozarts approach to K333K333 is written in 4/4 time and is in the key of B-flat study it specifically proceeds as follows, per the standard sonata conventions of the timeExposition saloons 1-63. Development proscribe 64-93. Recapitulation bar s 94-165.Bars 1-10 present the tonic key, which is B-flat major. The musical theme(s) used to present the tonic key is/are known as the first subject.In bar 10, Mozart restates the opening of the piece, except transposed an octave lower.In bar 12, Mozart drops an E-natural in the RH (right go on). The significance of this note is that it introduces a C-major dominant seventh harmony that marks the transition of the piece to the dominant key, F-major, and is a good object lesson of Mozarts interesting voice-leading choices.In bars 13.4, 14.4, and 15.4, the RH sprinkles a descending group of semiquavers (also known as sixteenth notes) which illustrate that Mozart is, even early on, playfully exploring variations of the first subject even before the inlet of the second.In bar 17.3, Mozart drops a B-natural in the LH (left hand). This note creates a G major dominant 7th harmony, which further punctuates the evolution away from the tonic key of B-flat major.In bar 22, Mozart accentua tes the piece with an arpeggiation of a C major chord. As the piece transitions to the key of F major, the C major chord is to become the new dominant chord therefore, the arpeggiation is a preview or announcement of sorts of the impending transition. This is one of many different stylistic manifestations of creative voice-leading.Bars 22-30 introduce the second subject, in the key of F major as mentioned above. There are rhythmic similarities, however, to the first subject despite the key change.In bars 31-35, Mozart teases the listener by flirting with a transition to the key of G-chela, transitioning briefly for one bar before returning to F major and achievement traditionally.Bar 64 commences the development section. The quaver (eighth-note) rhythmic triads featured in Bar 1 are reintroduced and embellished upon by Mozart between bars 64 and 70.Bars 71-86 showcases Mozarts further propensity to toy with the sonata structure by diversion its rules without breaking them, per se. He changes keys here here into F minor briefly, which is unexpectedly dramatic and concerto-like, and the right hand darts to the highest possible F note on a piano. The darkness suggested by the F minor flirtation is explored further with brief tangents into C minor, E flat minor, and G minor between bars 75 and 86.Bars 87-90 feature an F major dominant 7th chord, which uses the chord of F to signal the impending transition into the recapitulation section, which will take the piece back to B-flat major.Bars 94-105 feature the commencement of the recapitulation, a assoil replica of the initial exposition until Mozart tosses in an A-flat chord in the RH at bar 105, go on even in the recapitulation to introduce unusual elements.Bars 119-143 features the reappearance of the second subject in around identical form as its original presentation, except transposed to the tonic key.Bars 152-165 comprise the coda, which is mostly a duplication of bars 50-63 of the exposition with some f lourishes thrown in, showing Mozart refuses to completely adhere to structure for structures sake.What is pleasurable about the piece overall, then, is clear. Mozart is faithful to the stylistic requirements of the genre, not deviating from the overall structure, while macrocosm creative with the execution of the interplay between the two keys he employs. Furthermore, Mozarts voice-leading technique is bold and enhances the pieces complexity, particularly the mood-darkening introduced by his transitions into minor keys, including F minor, and also in his methods of announcing transitions between keys by flourishes or arpeggios.Finally, it is price mentioning that other technical elements, though perhaps unmoving to an expert, are nonetheless astonishing to a layperson or non-musician. The tempo Mozart utilizes is astonishingly brisk given the acrobatics required by the composition. To appreciate the piece is also to appreciate the skill necessary for a person to perform it compete ntly, much less expressively.BIBLIOGRAPHYMozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. lightly Sonata No. 13 in B flat, K.333, circa 1781Mozart Piano Sonata in B-flat K333, first movement in Edexcel A Level Syllabus Analysis book on-line (Edexcel, 2001, accessed 11 June 2005) available from http//www.musicteachers.co.uk/resources/k333.pdf

Enhanced Oil Recovery By In Situ Combustion Environmental Sciences Essay

Enhanced Oil Rec e actu allywherey By In Situ Combustion Environmental Sciences EssayEnhanced anele recupe ration is oil colour find outy by the blastoff of materials none norm bothy present in the seed. In situ Combustion (ISC) is the exercise of an enhanced oil recovery dish to improve the recovery of overburdened crude oil. As it is the oldest thermal recovery technique, it has been apply for over nine decades with many economically victorful jump outs. Nevertheless, it is regarded as a luxuriously-risk affect by many, generally because of many ills of early field ravels. just about of those failures came from performance of a good process (ISC) to the wrong references or to the poorest prospects. This paper contains a description of ISC, a discussion of research lab screening techniques, an illustration of how to apply laboratory solvings to field design, a discussion of operational practices and problems, and an analysis of field conclusions. For compl ete review, the possibility memorize is through on Balol and Santhal palm in Mehsana.In-situ fire has been known since 1888. Mendeleev was the first scientist to suggest the unaffected renewal of coal into combustible bollix upes. Based on the earlier laboratory results, Sheinman and Dubrovai in 1934 proposed the processed the process of oil dis perspectivement by means of a moving underground fire-front. A design of field tests, were performed in conf utilise regions in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The results from these tests indicated that the erupt losses were life-size, therefore the injected hot botch upes reached the validation z unscathedness with zero thermal energy. These studies however were followed by laboratory research field tests and development of numeric representatives to simulate in-situ combustion as a result of which this process has been recognized and erect be used as a promising method of recovering heavy oil from petroleum roots.The n ormal of in-situ combustion is to achieve combustion within the pores of hydro coke-bearing reservoir, enthusiastic leave of the oil in stick in order to improve the flow of the unburned part. Combustion is supported by the barb of pargonntage into the reservoir at one or more surface. The heat generated during combustion is sufficient to raise the rock to a juicy decent temperature to enable the combustion front to self propagate after initial redness by increasing mobility of the fluid.MethodologyThe in-situ combustion process was applied to petroleum reservoirs depending on round-eyed range of characteristics like Nature of formation, foresight, temperature, reservoir thickness, permeability, porosity and oil saturation in order to recover oil. Pressure is also a factor only if not much critical.The process was applied in reservoirs with average permeability ranging from 40 to 8000mD, whereas the oil saturation varied from 25 to 95%. In humanitarian fuel essence is one of the most all of the essence(predicate)(predicate) factors influencing the success of a fireflood process. The fuel content of the reservoir is the amount of coke available for combustion that is deposited on reservoir rock as a result of distillation and thermal cracking. If the fuel content is too low, the combustion process in the reservoir gougenot be self sustained. Moreover, a high fuel content requires a large amount of nisus and high situation cost which means low oil toil. Gates and Ramey (1980) comp ared the estimated fuel content by respective(a) methods including laboratory results with that of field project info. It has been shown that fuel content determined experimentally in the laboratory by tube -run method washstand provide a reasonably good estimation of the fuel content obtained in the field.In situ combustion is basically pellet of an oxidizing gas ( pushover or group O-enriched publicize) to generate heat by burning a portion of the resident oil. Most of the oil is driven towards the manufacturing businesss by a crew of gas drive (from the combustion gases), move and water system drive. This process is also called fire flooding to take up the movement of a burning front inside the reservoir. Based on the respective directions of front reference and advertize flow, the process lot be prior, when the combustion front advances in the same direction as the air flow, or reverse, when the front moves against the air flow.Reverse CombustionThis process has been studied extensively in laboratories and has been field tested. In brief, it has not been successful economically for two major reasons. First, combustion started at the producer results in hot produced fluids that often contain unreacted oxygen. These conditions require special, high-cost tubular to protect against high temperatures and corrosion. More oxygen is required to propagate the front compared to forward combustion, thus increasing the major cost of oper ating an in situ combustion project. Second, unreacted, coke-like heavy ends will remain in the burned portion of the reservoir. At some beat in the process the coke will start to burn and the process will revert to forward combustion with considerable heat generation but little oil return. This has occurred even in guardedly controlled laboratory experiments. In summary reverse combustion has been found difficult to apply and economically unattr lively. earlier Combustion introductory combustion can be provided characterized as dry when alone air or enriched air are injected or wet when air and water are co-injected.Dry Forward CombustionThe first step in dry forward ISC is to ignite the oil. In some cases auto- firing off system occurs when air injection begins if the reservoir temperature is fairly high and the oil reasonably responsive. Artificial Ignition has been induced victimisation down hole gas burners, electrical heaters, and/or injection of pyrophoric agents or g o injection.Figure formal illustration of the in-situ combustion process (Source)After firing the combustion front is propagated by a continuous flow of air. As the front progresses into the reservoir, several(prenominal) zones exist between injector and producer as a result of heat and mass transport and the chemical reactions. The above figure is an conceptionlized representation of the various zones and the resulting temperature and fluid saturation distributions. In the field there are transitions between zones.A. The burned zone is the multitude already burned. This zone is filled with air and whitethorn contain small amounts of residual unburned organic solids. As it has been subjected to high temperatures, mineral alterations are possible. Because of the continuous airflow from the injector, the burned zone temperature increases from injected air temperature at the injector to combustion front temperature at the combustion front.B. The combustion front is the highest temp erature zone. It is very thin, often no more than several inches thick. It is in this region that oxygen combines with the fuel and high temperature oxidation occurs. The products of the burning reactions are water and carbon oxides. The fuel is often misnamed coke. In fact it is not pure carbon but a hydrocarbon with H/C atomic ratios ranging from about 0.6 to 2.0. This fuel is formed in the thermal cracking zone only when ahead of the front and is the product of cracking and pyrolisis which is deposited on the rock ground substance. The amount of fuel burned is an important parameter because it determines how much air essential be injected to burn a legitimate volume of reservoir.C/D. The cracking/vaporization zone is downstream of the front. The crude is modified in this zone by the high temperature of the combustion process. The light ends vaporize and are transported downstream where they condense and mix with the original crude. The heavy ends pyrolize, resulting in CO2 , CO, hydrocarbon gases and solid organic fuel deposited on the rock.E. The steam plateau. This is the zone where some of the hydrocarbon vapors condense. Most of those condense further downstream as the steam condenses. The steam plateau temperature depends on the partial mash of the water in the gas phase. Depending on the temperature the original oil may undergo a crackers thermal cracking, often named visbreaking that usually reduces oil viscosity.F. A water bank exists at the leading butt on of the steam plateau where the temperature is less than steam saturation temperature. This water bank decreases in temperature and saturation downstream, with a resulting increase in oil saturation.G. The oil bank. This zone contains most of the displaced oil including most of the light ends that result from thermal cracking.H. Beyond these disturbed neighborhoods is the undisturbed original reservoir. Gas saturation will increase only slightly in this area because of the high mobility o f combustion gases.Wet Forward CombustionA large amount of heat is stored in the burned zone during dry forward in situ combustion, because the low heat capacity of air cannot transfer that heat efficiently. Water injected with the air can capture and advance more heat stored in the burned zone. During wet combustion injected water absorbs the heat from the burned zone, vaporizes, moves through the burning front and condenses, expanding the steam plateau. This results in faster heat movement and oil displacement. Depending on the water/air ratio, wet combustion is classified as (1) incomplete when the water is converted into topnotchheated steam and recovers only part of the heat from the burned zone, (2) normal when all the heat from the burned zone is recovered, and (3) quenched or super wet when the front temperature declines as a result of the injected water.ISC requires particular attention to air compression, excitation, well design, completion, and production practices. Air compression causes high temperatures because of the high c p / cv ratio of air. Compressor design must consider these high temperatures to ensure continuous, sustained operations free from the corrosive effects of air and the detonation hazards of some lubricating fluids. Mineral oils are not recommended. Synthetic lubricants withstand the higher temperatures and offer lower excitability and flammability than conventional lubricants.In order to achieve the combustion in the petroleum reservoir, mainly Spontaneous ignition and Artificial ignition are the two methods that are used for heavy oil recovery. Ignition can occur spontaneously if the oil is reactive, the reservoir temperature high enough, and the reservoir is reasonably thick. Down hole gas-fired burners throw in the towel good control of the temperature of injected gases and may be operated at a greater depth than other methods. The disadvantages let in the need to run multiple metro strings in the injection come up. Ca talytic heaters run at lower temperatures but are expensive. Electrical heaters can be lowered with a single cable, and can provide excellent temperature control. They can be reused repeatedly. There is, however, a depth limitation because of electrical power losses in the cable. Chemically enhanced ignition may require handling and storage of dangerous materials. Steam may be used to locally increase reservoir temperature and facilitate auto ignition. It suffers from depth limitation because of wellbore heat losses, but when the conditions are right it can be a very simple and effective method for ignition. Combustion process was also employed as primary and tertiary recovery processes.ApplicationsIn situ combustion can be applied to many different reservoirs. Some suggested screening guidelines areNature of the Formation The rock type is not important provided that the matrix/oil system is reactive enough to sustain combustion. As in any drive process, high permeability streaks are detrimental. jutting clays may be a problem in the steam plateau area.Depth Depth should be large enough to ensure containment of the injected air in the reservoir. There is no depth limit, except that this may affect the injection atmospheric pressure.Pressure Pressure will affect the economics of the process, but does not affect the technical aspects of combustion.Temperature Temperature will affect auto ignition but is otherwise not critical.Reservoir thickness Thickness should be greater than about 4m (15 ft) 2,3 to avoid excessive heat losses to surrounding formations. truly thick formations may present sweep efficiency problems because of gravity override.Permeability This has to be sufficient to go out injection of air at the intentional air flux. The air injectivity is especially important for heavy oil reservoirs. Conditions are favorable when kh / is greater than about 5md m/cp.3Porosity and Oil Saturation These have to be large enough to allow economic oil reco very. The product, So , needs to be greater than 0.08 for combustion to be economically successful.Oil Gravity This parameter is not critical. Insitu viscosity has to be low enough to allow air injection and resulting oil production at the design rate.Oil Nature In heavy oil projects the oil should be readily oxidizable at reservoir and rock matrix conditions. The laboratory experiments can also determine the amount of air needed to burn a given up reservoir volume. This is key to the profitability of the process.Current Status of In-Situ CombustionThe in-situ combustion process is attractive economically, provided it is applied to petroleum reservoirs containing approximately 50% oil saturation. The fuel content is one of the important parameters for combustion support at a relatively low air/oil ratio. Although laboratory experiments can provide some basic understanding of the process, the primary evaluation factor is a field practise before the process is employed on a large s cale.The present status of oil production by in-situ combustion in the United States is nearly 11,000 bbl/day. The commercial dry ISC project at Romania is the largest project of its kind and it has been in operation for more than 34 years. The Balol and Santhal projects in India have been in operation for more than seven years and have been applied in a wet mode. Currently, have all these three projects produce approximately 2300m3 /day. It is likely that very little laboratory research can be performed to improve the displacement efficiency of this process. With continued improvement of the in-situ combustion technology, it is almost certain that some form of this process, such as dry, wet, and partially quenched combustion, will find greater application in the coming years.Currently, commercial In situ combustion projects areEconomic EvaluationIt is recognized that the success or failure of an enhanced oil recovery process depends on the economic evaluation. An economic study co mpleted by Wilson and Root (1966), which is based on a modified form of two-dimensional model presented by Chu, compares the cost of heating a reservoir. The cost comparison was studied for a reservoir each in the presence of steam injection or forward combustion without oil production. The main m victimisation was to determine heating cost of the same dimensions of a reservoir by either steam injection or by forward combustion. The following conclusions were drawn from this study(1) Combustion is favored over steam injection as the sand thickness decreases the pressure increase.(2) As the coke deposition increases, steam injection is favored over the combustion process.(3) As the heated distance in the reservoir increases, reservoir heating by combustion is more favorable as compared to steam injection.(4) Decreased injection rated favors the cost of steam injection relative to air.(5) Increased wellbore losses with increasing depth favor combustion.ConclusionsIt has been shown that in-situ combustion process is suitable to displace oils of gravities greater than 10 degree API. The average oil recovery by employing in-situ combustion is 50%. The major amount of oil is recovered before breakthrough of the combustion zone. For heavy oils, about 50% crude oil recovery occurs after breakthrough, whereas low-viscosity oil production declines very chop-chop following breakthrough. The breakthrough of combustion zone can be recognized by an increase in gas production and its oxygen content. This is followed by a sharp increase ranging from century degree to two hundred degree Fahrenheit in bottom hole temperature. In addition, the increase in water trim of the produced oil also indicates the breakthrough of the combustion zone. At the same time, pH of the produced water decreases, which is usually referable to increase in the content of ions such as iron and sulphate.CASE STUDYIN-SITU combustion AT MEHSANA, GUJARAT.Mehsana addition, located in the northern p art of Gujarat state in India is the highest oil producing onshore asset of ONGC with annual crude oil production of 2.35 MMT. Its having oil field producing both heaviest crude and the lightest crude in India with API gravity ranging from 13 42. Balol and Santhal field form a part of this heavy oil blast with a API gravity 15-18. Balol and Santhal field encompass 22.17 MMT and 53.56 MMT of oil in place respectively. The crude is asphaltic in nature containing 6-8% asphaltene and the oil viscosity ranges from 50-450 cps at reservoir pressure of 100 kg/cm and 70 C temperature. Reservoirs have the permeability of the order of 3-8 darcies and are operating under active water drive. Subsequent Artificial lift methods resulted into high water production than oil. In many wells it became 95-100% and some wells had to be closed delinquent to high water cut. The poor primary and unoriginal necessitated for In-Situ combustion technique in these handle.Exploitation of heavy oil from thes e heavy oil fields was a challenge for Mehsana asset. Based on results of laboratory studies, the In-situ combustion process was identified as the most suitable technique for enhancing the recovery from these fields.PILOT SCHEMEA pilot test was knowing and initiated in 5.5 acre area of southern part of Balol field in 1990-91. The first well CP10 and thereafter Balol171 were ignite with the help of foreign experts. The sustained combustion and production gain from nearby producers lead to formulation of the commercialization schemes in entire Balol field.In another attempt, a pilot scheme was also designed for Lanwa oil field and an inverted five slot pattern with quaternion producer wells had been light in 1992. At present the commercialization of the scheme is in progress to enhance the production from the field. A pilot scheme is also running since 2002 in Bechraji field with four EOR injectors.COMMERCIAL SCHEMESBased on the techno-economic success of Balol Pilot project, comm ercial schemes were designed for entire Balol field for exploitation of heavy oil. Considering the similarities between the Balol and Santhal oil fields, this EOR technique has been implemented on a commercial scale in 1997 both at Balol and Santhal fields. concisely four commercial schemes viz. Balol Ph-1, Santhal Ph-1, Balol Main and Santhal Main are running success wide of the marky. Till date descend 61 wells have been ignited in Balol and Santhal under these commercial schemes. More wells are in line for conversion into EOR injectors.For commercial exploitation of Balol and Santhal fields using In-situ combustion technique, four major air compressor plants, two, each in Balol and Santhal fields were set up. These plants supply compressed air to injector wells at reservoir conditions. Compressors except emergency air compressors at all the plants run on electricity. have installed capacity of these four plants is of compressing 4.9 NMm3/day air at maximum pressure of 123 Kg/c m2. Since water is required to be injected subsequently during wet phase, facilities for water treatment and injection are also installed in the respective plants. All these four plants are connected to each other with an integrated air power system network for better utilization of resources. A mobile unit called Ignition trailer is being used to initiate ignition process. Gas burners are used for artificial ignition in Mehsana.RESULTSAfter executing of the technique, decline in production from Balol and Santhal fields was arrested. A number of wells have started flowing on self which were in artificial mode prior to in-situ combustion process. Production testing data of affected wells show the dull increase in liquid production and decrease in water cut resulting increase in net oil production. Presently EOR gain from both the fields in the tune of 1200 TPD and air injection is in tune of 1.4MM Nm3/d. Production performance of these fields shows the gradual increase in oil prod uction and decrease in W/C% with increasing number of injectors/air injection rate. It has not only given a new lease of life to Balol and Santhal fields but has also increased the oil recovery factor by 2-3 folds from 6-13% to 39-45%.OTHER HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROJECTONGC is one of the few organizations in the world, which has taken up In-situ combustion process on such a large scale.Total 68 wells have been converted in EOR injectors at Mehsana Asset so far.Most of the EOR injectors are old producer wells. They have been converted to injector wells after proper race and cleaning of wells.Ignition is being done in the reservoir at an average depth of 990 meters, having 100 Kg/cm2 pressure and 70 degree Celsius temperature.Present Air-Oil ratio in these fields is about 1160 Nm3/m3 and Air-Oil ratio on cumulative basis it stands at 985 Nm3/m3, which indicates quite good efficiency of ISC process.Figure Production profiles of Santhal and Balol fields (Source)MAJOR ISSUESOccurrence of A uto-IgnitionIn Mehsana Gas burner is being used for artificial ignition. In this method air is injected through the annulus and natural gas through tubing. An aluminum plug fitted at the tip of burner prevents air and gas to mix. The plug pops out when gas injection pressure is more than air injection pressure and forms gas-air mixture at the bottom. A pyrophoric chemical is being used to initiate the flame. At well no. Balol A on 1998 the burner caught fire without lowering pyrophoric liquid. Burner temperature shot up to 910 degree Celsius and was soon controlled by ignition tem members. There was no damage to thermocouple junction and down-hole assembly in this well. After this incidence auto ignition occurred successively in another three wells. In last two wells Santhal B and Balol C, thermocouple got damaged. Ignition experts were unable to establish the reason and remedy for auto ignition. Due to this failure, ONGC had completely hang all the ignition operations fearing fu rther auto ignition and damage to thermocouple.A close study of all four cases of auto ignition revealed that gas injection was used to be done at full discharge rate of gas compressor. Due to this sudden release of huge amount of gas, a very rich mixture of air and gas forms making situation vulnerable for auto ignition. To overcome this problem, ignition team came up with an idea to put a cushion of an inert gas in the tubing before starting gas injection. At the time of plug pop up, now this inert gas release first afterwards natural gas comes in contact with air. This cushion provide coarse time between plug pop up and release of natural gas which facilitate in regulating the gas injection rate to prevent formation of unwanted combustible mixture. The whole idea was put up before the management which was promptly agreed and broke the dead lock of suspended ignitions. After adoption of this technique till date no case of auto ignition encountered. impelling UTILIZATION OF AIR CO MPRESSORCompression of air at high pressure is a costly social function because of huge consumption of electricity. To minimize this wastage of energy and for optimize the utilization of air compressors, it was thought to connect all the four plants with a common air grid. Subsequently the air grid was constructed using 6 and 4 dia pipelines as required. Now compressors are being run as per the total air requirement. By using this grid, on an average INR 2.0 Crores per month (USD 5.3 million per annum) are being saved as electricity charges. distress OF AFTER COOLER OF AIR COMPRESSORRunning of large air compressor is difficult in India especially during pass due to high temperature. It may lead to explosion at compressed air piping due to accumulation of carryover lubricants and high discharge temperature. Two incidents of bursting of 3rd stage (Final stage) after coolers of HP compressor had taken place at a compressor plant of Santhal field. As a remedy synthetic lubricant has b een introduced. Further uninterrupted chemical cleaning of the lines is being carried-out and monitoring of operational parameters has been intensified.OOZING OF AIR/FLUE GASESIn Mehsana, in general old wells were used for injection as well as for production. In some cases failure of casing or cementation have observed and has caused pressure built-up in outer casing and even in some cases oozing of gases/air from well site has also been observed. The remedies are1) New additives for cementation (like thermal cements and calcium aluminates) have been introduced which help to withstand higher temperatures.2) It is recommended to cement the casing to the full depth in case of new injector wells to prevent the risk of coming out of gas into overlying permeable layers.3) It is suggested by IEOT (ONGC Institute) to have casing of API 5CT L-80 13 Cr steel in new injector wells and tubing in all wells.4) New injector wells are being drilled to suit specially for in-situ combustion.5) me nding monitoring of injection pressure, annulus pressure and outer casing pressure.Research WorkFigure demonstrate the working model do in the laboratoryThe working model for the In situ combustion was made in laboratory. In this model Injection well and the production well is present on the leftfield and right side respectively, gas injection at high pressure, igniter is taken as the kitchen lighter, test tube is made as an artificial reservoir and ignition zone near the artificial reservoir and also the temperature showing device at the bottom of the production well. This model can be compared to the substantial conditions with the help of the following diagram.Figure In situ combustion process (source)There were many challenges during the modeling. These challenges were faced harmonise to the need, economy and the factors available. For example reservoir simulation was not perfect, combustion zone was not able to be built exactly in the pores due to lack of oxygen supply. Hence I discover that this process is very economical as compared to other EOR processes but it is very risky as injection of gas should be done at correct place and ignition should be controlled indeed this process acts as magic recover the oil to 65%. I was successful in recovering the oil but the simulation problem was a main constraint of this working model as that requires a whole laboratory for its working. Hence concord to my research heat loss should be minimum, combustion should be in controlled manner are the major challenges that should be overcome.And these can be overcome by calculating the area in which injection is to be done and what should be the ignition system use for ignition (whether a chemical can be used, artificial igniter at the combustion can be used or if the temperature of the bottom of the hole is very high that can give spontaneous ignition) should be preplanned according to the condition.The latest and important factor is the chemical injection to ig nite the heavy crude oil, let us suppose the oil present there is very heavy oil that cannot be directly ignited for that situation a chemical can be injected inside which will burn first and then increases the temperature of the respective zone to such an extent that the oil present there will ignite and the further process should start.