Environmental Impact Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Environmental Impact Assessment - Essay ExampleIn view of this the need for a well-developed account of how scientific research ought to be integrated into public policy in general and into milieual policy in particular has never been much urgent (Thompson, 1986 Stonehouse & Mumford, 1995 Litfin, 1994). This article makes a contribution to the ongoing debate by examining one of the newer, and fast-growing, scientific fields, i.e., environmental impact assessment (from hereon EIA) with the aim of highlighting the read/write head of uncertainty and its implications for policy dependent on this field.EIA is a relatively new field, and most accounts date its inception to the passage of the National Environmental Policy propel in 1969 in the United States. From this rather limited and inauspicious beginning EIA has now spread to almost all countries. In addition, bi- and multi-lateral agencies have now or argon in the process of incorporating EIA at some stage in their policy process (Goodland & Edmundson, 1994).There are almost as many definitions of EIA as there are experts and, naturally, each expert has a preferred definition. Briefly, however EIA may be described as a process for identifying the likely consequences for the biogeophysical environment and for mans sic health and welfare of implementing particular activities and for conveying this information at a stage when it can materially affect their decision, to those responsible for sanctioning the proposals. (Munn, 19796)In the first stages of its use, the EIA process was seen as a forecasting technique to provide decision makers with an indication of the possible consequences of a proposed intervention. This conceptualisation has been criticized on the grounds that it tends to relegate EIA to organism a type of add on process. It can be argued that using EIA in this fashion feeds public suspicion that EIA is another scientific technique coopted by policymakers to legitimate decisions. Technical speci alists have continuously agitated for closer integration of EIA in the policy process as a means of overcoming this limitation. Policymakers, however, are opposed to integrate EIA any further into the policy process for several reasons. Two of the most significant of these are 1. the cost of the impact assessment process makes policymakers loath(p) to embark on impact assessment before a proposed project has been given the green light and 2. there is a perception that EIAs make proscribe information about proposed interventions available to opponents. Thus, further integration of EIA, for example, from project to program level is seen by policymakers as being tantamount to giving opposing stakeholder interests an overview of the built-in program. Both of these views gain credence from the fact that EIA reports have often been the baseline documents in well-publicized contentions between governments and environmental activists. Notable cases include the Alaskan pipeline dispute (Gray & Gray, 1977509-14) and the Hydro Quebec Power Plant controversy (Gariepy & Henault, 1994). Impact identification is usually accompanied by a scoping process in which the probable impacts worthy of study are singled out. Ideally, this process