Women s Rights Opportunity Commission - 1376 Words

Women in the Workforce â€Å"Women should be seen and not heard.† This was told to a female employee at a Walmart in Franklin, Tennessee after she was denied a management position. She and other female workers were told that it was a man’s job therefore disqualifying them. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission began combating employment-related discrimination in the early 1960s through laws such as Title VII, which made sex discrimination illegal for employers. Also the Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it illegal for men and women to receive unequal wages for the same work; however, inequalities still exist. Despite federal measures to prohibit gender discrimination, women in the United States continue to receive unequal wages, limited positions, and experience overall unfair treatment compared to men. Women in the workforce encounter more challenges and discrimination in wages and positions than men. At another Walmart in Tennessee employee Bobbi Milner was mistakenly given the paycheck of her fellow assistant manager. She noticed that he was making â€Å"thousands of dollars more than she† although he had significantly less experience. These workers were among the 1.5 million female workers in 2011 who banded together in the largest sex discrimination lawsuit suing Walmart for allegedly discriminating against its female employees in wages and position opportunities. Although the female employees received on average $1,100 less per year than their male counterparts and were oftenShow MoreRelatedJordanian Women in Political Parties1618 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jordanian National Commission for Women Affairs prepares the strategy and studies the difficulties and problems facing in the execution of strategy and implements it with concerned institutions. The committee of the c ommission submits reports about the extent of progressing achieving the objectives of the strategy, mobilizes the necessary resources through continual coordination and effective partnership between the Jordanian National Commission for Women Affairs and different governmental authoritiesRead MoreA Look at Working Women: The Beginning and the Road Blocks Essays1557 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history there have been women who have lead, they have been the leaders of their households, taking care of the family home and the needs of the children in the house. They have scheduled meetings with teachers, handled PTA responsibilities and managed the household budgets. According to Dayle M. Smith, in her work, â€Å"Women at Work: Leadership†, (2000), during the century before 1950, women have held a behind the scenes support group for their spouse who would go to work and make theRead MoreThe 1960’s: Decade of Disillusionment992 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960’ s and early 1970’s were a time that eternally changed the culture and humanity of America. It was a time widely known for peace and love when in reality; many minorities were struggling to gain a modicum of equality and freedom. It was a time, in which a younger generation rebelled against the conventional norms, questioning power and government, and insisting on more freedoms for minorities. In addition, an enormous movement began rising in opposition to the Vietnam War. It was a time ofRead MoreEssay about Civil Rights and Equal Employment Opportunity1121 Words   |  5 Pagessince the Civil Rights Act of 1964 took effect nearly 50 years ago. Our current President is of African American decent, we not only have women sitting on the U.S. Supreme Court, but minority Justices as well. Still, with the leaps and bounds we as a country have made, discrimination still exists in not only our daily lives, but in the job market as well. Anti-discrimination legislation has been part of our country’s history for 145 years. In 1866, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in hopes toRead MoreEeoc - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission937 Words   |  4 PagesEEOC Presentation Resource: the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) website Explore the EEOC website (http://www.eeoc.gov) to learn more about the organization. Click the About the EEOC link and select Newsroom. Select a press release about an employee lawsuit published within the last 6 months. Search the Internet to find at least one news item about this lawsuit, preferably from a news source in the state in which the incident occurred. Federal Jury Awards Exel EmployeeRead MoreThe Womens Liberation Movement1026 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the 60’s and 70’s carrying on to the 90’s. Without the Women’s Liberation Movement women wouldn’t have received changes in laws primarily regarding employment impacting on them moving forward in terms of equal opportunities. However there is still a there is still process to be made concerning employment and social roles for women to have equal rights as men. The Women’s Liberation Movement started in the 60’s during the second wave of feminism. Even though the 70’s were a time of changeRead MoreEssay about Cherns Project Chapter 3587 Words   |  3 PagesStore and analyzing its full-time sales associates hiring data for evidence of adverse impact, â€Å"a substantially different rate of selection in employment decisions that adversely affects a protected group, protected groups under title VII of Civil Right Act incl ude race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age discrimination, and the American with Disabilities Act (Phillips, Gulley, 2015). This evaluation described by, Section 4D of the Uniform Guidelines states that â€Å"a selection rate for any raceRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641659 Words   |  7 Pagesof time that resulted in major advancements in equality for U.S. citizens. Discrepancies in privilege and opportunity across groups of people were not only identified and determined to be unethical, but many of these issues were also treated with legal remedies. In the earlier part of the decade, President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to complete the monumental task of passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially outlawing discrimination on the basis of origin, gender, race or religion. DiscriminationRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment1046 Words   |  5 PagesAfter looking at several definitions for sexual abuse I came across the following definition that I feel will help all of us to better understand what inappropriate sexual behavior is. Sexual harassment was defined by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as unwelcome advances and requests for sexual behavior or conditional requests such as a person’s employment will continue if they perform these acts. (Gale Group, 2003). This definition left me thinking and believing that unwantedRead MoreThe History and Evolution of Title Vii and Its Amendments (Pda, Ada, Adea).895 Words   |  4 Pagescountry but what was a surprise was the success of the equal employment provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Before the assignation of President John F. Kennedy in 1963, he supported Title VII which was part of a broad program of the Civil Right legislation directed toward racial equality and after that it was promoted by President Johnson (Maduff Law,  n.d.). In the beginning the Civil Rights of 1964 was the foundation in which the vast architecture of discrimination was erected. Title

Same Sex Marriage a Conflict of Views - 2256 Words

Blaine Kinne Period one February 14, 2013 English III Honors Same-Sex Marriage: A Conflict of Views Throughout time marriage equality for same-sex couples has been non-existent. Now, gay rights are at the forefront of political and social reform. Same-sex marriage has recently become a fiercely debated topic; however, only nine states allow same-sex marriage and only a few allow domestic partnerships, because of religion, generational differences, and the general and voting public that still denounce it, marriage equality is a natural right that is being stolen from same-sex couples. Most religious groups openly denounce and speak out against homosexuality, as well as same-sex marriage. â€Å"If a man also lie with mankind, as†¦show more content†¦Due to this many people defend the current laws prohibiting same-sex marriage. The current voting public of what was thought to be a liberal state has shown their disapproval by passing Proposition 8, a same-sex marriage bill on the 2008 ballot in California. Proposition 8 made same-sex marriage illegal in the state of California. This ballot passes with a 52-48 percent margin that went against a Supreme Court decision earlier that year that found another ban to be unconstitutional. This violated the equal protection rights of two same-sex couples being able to marry (Almeida). This ballot made any same-sex marriage illegal, but anyone married before it was passed could remain married. This is a perfect example of non-acceptance of a changing social value. Proposition 8 shows discrimination against one segment of people based of a personal bias. Even after the Supreme Court said that it would be unconstitutional to deny gays to marry, the people of California were able to pass a ballot that made it illegal again. Although the fight for equality continues. Soon after its passing, Proposition 8 became a battlefield of lawsuits and outrage. Due to the outrage that this ballot has caused, along with the extensive trials, the Californian Supreme Court stated that they would hear arguments and vote on its constitutionality on March 26, 2013. In the oral arguments it seemed as if lawyer Charles J. Cooper, defending proposition 8, was lacking in any kind of aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Sociological Factors On Clients1666 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy and its failure to support all minorities, specifically same-sex couples King (cited in Australian Marriage Equality, 2015) stated â€Å"When any society says that I cannot marry a certain person, that society has cut off a segment of my freedom†. This quote from Martin Luther King Jr is as applicable today to legalising same-sex marriage as it was to the civil rights movement and inter-racial marriage over half a century ago. Marriage is a right that most Australians take for granted. StudiesRead More Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Same-sex Marriage is Inevitable1170 Words   |  5 PagesSame-sex Marriage is Inevitable      Ã‚  Ã‚   For many parents, the marriage of their child is a very happy and proud time. Most parents expect their children to get married and have children. But what if their child is gay or lesbian? Their child may have met the perfect person to spend their life with, but their child cannot get legally married. Same-sex couples can hold wedding ceremonies, but the law does not recognize these unions. Many heterosexuals take for granted the benefits that are extendedRead MoreSociety s View Of Homosexuals1469 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 20th, 2005 Canada became the first country outside of Europe to give same-sex couples the legal right to marry. This was a huge benchmark in North America, because same-sex couples now shared equal rights with straight couples (Makarenko, 2007). There are many events within society that lead to this legalization, such as the unjust imprisonment of Everett Kilppert. Society’s view of homosexuals has changed drastically since the 1960’ s, when homosexuality was an incriminating offence, accordingRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1434 Words   |  6 Pagesare a variety of important public issues being discussed publicly today, same sex marriage seems to be one of the most trending of them all. Part of this is due largely to fact that a vast majority of minorities in the United States are dealing with it today. This issue, however, sheds light on a few areas, primarily ethically, family values, morals, religious views and beliefs. What we need to consider is what same sex marriage consists of, the challenges and living as such, and finally the effectsRead More Functionalist View on Same-Sex Families Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesFunctionalist View on Same-Sex Families What is Functionalism? Functionalism is the belief that members of society form relationships with each other through rules and regulations i.e. the law. They also believe society is based on a consensus and there is no time for conflict, although it is acknowledged but is seen as only a temporary disturbance, which can be resolved. They believe it is the basis of social life without it there would be conflict and disorder. Society Read MoreSummary Of Donnes The Flea874 Words   |  4 PagesIs sex before marriage wrong? The debate of when it is appropriate to have sex is one that stretches far back in history and is still going on today. Sex, for many cultures and religions, is linked to marriage where two people unite as one. However, the urges of youth are powerful and intense and can be thought of as natural. In the animal kingdom, no animal is shamed for following its desires whereas in human society, differing views allow discussion and even persuasion. In â€Å"The Flea,† Donne exploresRead More Rights for Homosexuals Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesRights for Homosexuals Gay marriage is a hotly debated issue in todays society. Andrew Sullivan and William Bennett offer opposing views in the June 3, 1996 edition of Newsweek. Sullivans article, â€Å"Let Gays Marry,† offers several arguments supporting the issues of same sex marriage. Bennett counters in his article, â€Å"Leave Marriage Alone,† that same sex marriages would be damaging to the sanctity of marriage. Each author presents several reasons for the positions they defend and bringRead MoreLove Is Love By Cartoon Arts International Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesfour Supreme Court ruling vote on June 26th, 2015, same-sex couples gained the right to marry in all fifty states (Kenneth, â€Å"Gay Rights†). As this news spread, some were displeased, some were overjoyed, and some were somewhere in the middle. The wide range of views on this topic made it easy to be turned into a satire. A comic by Cartoon Arts International shows a man complaining to his wife that same- sex marriage is hurting heterosexual marriage, in which the wife retaliates and makes a comment aboutRead MoreGay Marriage and the Constitution Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesGay Marriage and the Constitution Amberlee Ozment Axia College of University of Phoenix Gay Marriage and the Constitution Is it okay to not believe in gay marriage, yet at the same time support the constitutional rights of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness for homosexual couples? Even though most churches beliefs conflict with marrying same-sex partners, government should not deny a persons right to their happiness; because any person, no matter race, color, sex, religion or sexualRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Debate785 Words   |  4 Pages The gay marriage debate is complex, to say the least. Bitter, emotional, and controversial are just a few words that can be used to describe it. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same sex marriage; since then twelve states have approved gay marriage (Shapiro). Even though some states have decided to legalize same sex marriage others are standing firm on constitutional amendments that ban it. Deciding whether or not gay couples should be allowed to marry is drawing passion

Course Works on Western Civilization

The rich history of the western culture is one thing   that has always intrigued me. Every moment when we get a chance to revisit our past, we interestingly get to interact with a sudden newness that leaves our perspectives changed in a great manner. This is exactly how I feel when it comes to talking about the civilization which took place in the west. The time span within which the civilization of the west took place saw the introduction of many aspects and ideas. Great minds were revealed and well known philosophers, psychologists and scientists played a big role in determining the face of this period. It is the very moment in the transition of the western image which saw the introduction of many philosophical ideas (Davidson, 2006ss). As a matter of facts, most of these philosophies and ideas   have since been incorporated into many aspects of human life for instance in government leadership and in the constitutions. Before moving on to make any further analysis of what this period comprised, I would like to   note that the importance of what happened during this time may largely depend on the perspective of the people and the influence   it had on them. In line with that, it is not logical to conclude that the period which marked the western civilization was a great and vital   one in its history, not until we lay down the facts that will help confirm this. This discussion shall therefore comprise a discussion of some of the individuals and activities which took place during this period. At the same time, I will seek to explore how these ideas and phenomena changed a number of things and perhaps influenced the current way of things. In a nut shell, the research shall be on western civilization with a special consideration of the period of enlightenment. To begin with, I would like to   say that one of the major periods that has   mostly been used to describe the face of the western civilization is the period of enlightenment. This is the very period which birthed great minds and hence philosophies . The effects of what happened during that time have since been felt and made use of. From a thorough analysis of the historical records, I realized a number of individuals who were instrumental during this time. They include a group of great minds from different countries like, Captain James cook, Montesquieu, Diderot, Voltaire, Bernard de Fotenlle, David Hume, Adam Smith, Rousseau and Mary Astell just to mention but a few. The individuals who I have mentioned above are some of the ones responsible for the great ideas and philosophies which continue to drive this world even long after they are gone. For instance, Voltaire, Montesquieu and Diderot who have been famously referred to as the three French giants played a big role in changing the type of governments in the places where they lived (Furbank, 1992). Their philosophies and ideas were and have still been incorporated in many forms of leaderships as well as the constitution. The theory of the separation of powers and the philosophy of good governance were both founded and supported by these people. In real sense, much of this is what we see in our governments today. This shows how influential these people were and have probably continued to be. In addition to that,   there is the theory of ‘the plurality of worlds’ as well as the concept of the legacy of Locke and Newton. All these took place during the period of enlightenment and such an issue as a new skepticism which was brought about by Bernard de Fontelle changed the perspective of many a people towards the concept of leadership and the general way of understanding and handling the nature of human beings. In addition, the individuals especially the three French giants contributed a lot in the study of the science of man. For instance, Diderot did extensive research and presented accurate findings based on effective studies(Shackleton, 1961). With this, they provided a good basis for the people especially the leaders to understand the dynamics which surround the nature of human beings and the society at large. Other individuals like Adam Smiths were the founders of the great theories of economics. Their ideas were influential in many countries as they helped stabilize the economies of many of these regions during and after   this period.   Perhaps the climax of all these came later on when the period referred to as the ‘later enlightenment’ emerged. Many a philosophers and scientists like Mary Astell and Rousseau introduced a number of theories and ideas for instance the study and understating of the high culture as well as the establishment of the social environment o f philosophies. Furthermore, some other aspects like popular cultures, religion and churches especially during the eighteenth century are some of the pertinent issues which also contributed a lot in shaping the image of western civilization. At this point, certain issues like the punishment of crimes and the forms of government were also revisited (Davidson, 2006). By studying   the involvement of great minds like Fredrick William and by an analysis of the form of government that existed in Russia under Catherine,   one is able to deduce a lot about the transition which occurred over time during this period. The period simply had a lot and much has been confirmed above. It actually deserves the importance with which people have always viewed it. In conclusion, I would like to say that a number of things can be noted above which help emphasize the fact that the western civilization marked one of the busiest periods in the history of the west. Just as I said earlier, many things came up, many ideas were birthed, many philosophies were put across. All of these contributed in shaping a number of aspects both during that time and today. In   a nut shell, western civilization led to a   tremendous transition and perhaps the period of enlightenment can be said to have laid a great foundation to this transition. At this point I feel more convinced and confident saying that contents of these period were many and the analysis of the historical data reveals that that the period actually entailed much and has therefore remained vital in the history of the west. References Davidson, Ian (2006): The Western Culture Grove Press: New York 2006. ISBN 9780802142368. Furbank, P(1992): The Great Philosophers of the Enlightenment Knopf publishers: New York. ISBN 0-679-41421-5 Shackleton, R(1961): Trends in the Western Civilization. (Oxford: Clarendon Press of Oxford University Press,

It´s Important to Be Able to Cope with Stress and Burnout

As a future IHP, it is important to be able to cope with stress and ensure that I do not burnout (Ross Deverell, 2004:305). Along with a thorough understanding of what stress and burnout is, I will use a personal past experience to explain how I will develop stress-management strategies and implement them in my behaviour. Stress and Burnout: Stress is understood as the way in which a person responds to the demands, both physical and emotional, which have been placed on them. It is a reaction to change and stress can become more apparent when the requirements a situation are greater than your ability to cope. Stress is a subjective response. Not everyone will feel stressed, and experience the same symptoms, when exposed to the same†¦show more content†¦I believe that I have gained valuable skills to reduce and manage stress (Olckers, Gibbs Duncan 2007:3). As an IHP, I will be constantly faced with conflict involving fellow professionals and patients because of the need to make significant decisions. The resulting stress needs to be managed constructively so that healthy relationships are maintained which are valuable to my career (Gibson, Swarts and Sandenbergh 2:109). In matric I learnt how important it is that you don’t let stress negatively affect your life such as causing depression and reduced concentration (Gibson, Swarts and Sandenbergh 2:106). I have learnt how stress can develop into burnout and the consequences of this which have been outlined in defining burnout. Knowing how to prevent burnout is critical in my career as a future IHP. Each day of work will revolve around dealing with people’s problems which can accumulate and cause emotional strain (Ross Deverell, 2004:304). Knowledge of harmful implications of stress on well-being will affect my behaviours in the future as I consciously work to eliminate these. I now understand that it is not healthy to repeatedly stay up late to complete work because adequate sleep in critical to well-being (Ross Deverell, 2004:308). Instead, I will keep up to date with workShow MoreRelatedBurn Out Critical Case Analysis1731 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Incident Analysis: Burnout syndrome It was my 11th week of clinical in tertiary care hospital. On that day, I had experienced an incident that I would like to reflect upon. I was assigned to a female patient with diagnose of third stage breast cancer. After taking her interview, I came to know that patient and even their family member didn’t know any thing about the patient prognosis and they were too worried to know about. For that reason, I went to doctorRead MoreThe Emotional Expression Of The People s Attitudes Towards Objective Things1672 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals, and some emotions may be instinctive, automatically responding to environmental stimuli rather than cognition. However, negative emotions are common in the working environment. Negative emotions are the excessive experience of a person s ability to reflect an objective stimulus. Anxiety, tension, anger, frustration, sadness, pain, sadness, unhappiness, depression and other emotions are bad mood. Every negative emotion appearing in th e workplace tells people where the problem arises,Read MoreActive And Working : Managing Acute Low Back Pain Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesstretching or doing yoga (National Health Committee, 2000). STRESS Stress can be either a spur, result or interaction and present in working conditions everywhere. The level of stress depends on how a person relates the experience internally and whether he views it as harmful or beneficial, as for some what is light maybe detrimental to others. Work stress, termed occupational hazard that was noted back in the mid -1950’s was referred an important health issue. It contributed to measure Nurses’ responseRead MoreAnalysis Of Dogrib Midnight Runners By Van Camp1258 Words   |  6 Pages Many young people are affected in some way by suicide, and must learn to cope with the horrible loss it has taken from them. â€Å"Dogrib Midnight Runners†, by Van Camp, â€Å"was inspired by a suicide. As far as [he knew, that was] the first published story that ever takes place in Fort Smith. And [Van Camp wanted] to talk about what a great thief suicide is: the huge, never-ending echo of its fatal decision† (Vranckx). In this short stor y, a group of friends are faced with their friend, Justin, committingRead MoreStressors : Stressors And Burnout2087 Words   |  9 Pages Perspective Stressors and burnout, both play a significant role in creating an atmosphere and culture at Initech, where Peter works. Burnout â€Å"refers to a ‘wearing out’ from the pressures of work† (Freudenberger, 1974). Burnout can be a result of things like emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment and depersonalization (Maslach, 1982). It is a â€Å"chronic condition that results as daily work stressors take their toll on employees.† Stressors are factors within one’s environment, usuallyRead MoreEustress: Stress Management2579 Words   |  11 Pagessalary; what they fail to consider is the stress factor. A fact that is not taught in school is that different types of careers involve different levels and types of stress. However, not all stress is bad, some stress is actually good, and the human body requires a certain amount of stress to get motivated. The bad stress is called distress when it reaches dangerous levels. The good stress is calle d eustress; the difficult part is finding the perfect amount of stress in order for your body to utilize theRead MoreSelf Care And The Well Being Of Individuals1928 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals pursuing a profession in the field. How do people in the helping profession cope with the stress that results from their work? How do they balance and separate professional roles from personal lives? Although professionals do experience a sense of reward in their work, one simply cannot avoid the stresses that come with caring for others. Learning to deal with these challenges effectively is not only important for personal wellbeing, but also a necessity as part of ensuring ideal care for clientsRead MorePsychological Trauma Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Psychological trauma† refers to damage wrought from a traumatic event, which that damages one’s ability to cope with stressors. â€Å"Trauma† is commonly defined as an exposure to a situation in which a person is confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to self or others’ physical well-being (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Specific types of client trauma frequently encountered by which therapists and other mental health workersRead MoreStress in the Emergency Department2059 Words   |  8 PagesStress, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue in the Emergency Department Background Nursing is a field that many enter with the intention of helping and providing care to those with mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual needs (Lombardo Eyre, 2011). Many consider nursing as their calling; yet have not prepared themselves for the emotional and physical implications that come from having interpersonal relationships with families and patients. As nurses care for the ill, traumatized, and vulnerableRead Morecompassion in nursing1871 Words   |  8 Pages The nurse has a duty to provide care and promote health and wellbeing of the patient, therefore, in moments of suffering it is important to provide compassion (Cingel 2009). Nurses and midwives are bound by the NMC Code (2010) to treat patients as individuals with kindness, consideration and dignity in a non-discriminatory way. Compassion in practice is important to show patients that they are not alone in their suffering, if it is not acknowledged, patients will feel ignored, thus escalating

American Tempest How The Boston Tea Party Sparked A...

American Tempest: How the Boston Tea Party Sparked A Revolution written by Harlow Giles Unger offers an in-depth analysis of the Boston Tea Party. Unger organizes the events in chronological order starting 30 years before the Boston Tea Party occurred. In the end he touches upon the aftermath of the journey towards self-government. The book presents many engaging details and provides the reader with more of a storytelling feel. He describes the colonists hard times and anger towards being taxed by British Parliament. Unger adds insights and conclusions about various topics and the people surrounding the rebellion, which was one of his goals in his writing. He wanted to tell of the untold Tea Party s impact on American history politically, socially, and economically. The book was intended for the general public, because he wrote â€Å"ironically, few, if any Americans today†¦ know the true and entire story of the Tea Party and the Patriots who staged it† (4). Unger has many qualifications as he is an accomplished writer. He graduated from Yale and has written twenty-five other books consisting of ten biographies on the Founding Fathers and two histories of Early Republic. Unger is a veteran journalist, educator, and historian. He refers to a lengthy list of sources including newspapers, manuscripts and more. Unger has also been referred to as â€Å"America’s most readable historian.† Although, throughout the book his viewpoint was biased when he spoke of Sam Adams and John Hancock.Show MoreRelatedThe Aftermath And Acts That Followed The Boston Tea Party1522 Words   |  7 PagesFollowed the Boston Tea Party Karla Valeria Gonzalez Formatted Rough Draft Mr. Isaac G. Pietrzak U.S. History 1301 November 4, 2016 On the Thursday of December 16th of the year 1773, several men began to dump what is now worth over a million dollars of British tea into the Boston Harbor. This later became known as the famous Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party was the initial cause of the American Revolution and the freedom America has gained. The Boston Tea Party was alsoRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights And Grievances1973 Words   |  8 Pages† gave Parliament the authority to make laws binding the American Colonies, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever.† In 1767, George III passed the Townshend Acts to collect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and, tea. Recognizing that tea was a favorite among the Americans, it ensured greater revenue the British government. Again, the colonists’ rights for representation were ignored and they started to boycott British goods and ultimately, smuggle tea. When the Quartering Act was passed, which specified that

Plutus Payroll and Associated Companies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Plutus Payroll and associated Companies Case Study. Answer: Introduction The corporate veil, the piercing of the corporate veil and the duties of the directors are terms associated with the issue which is surrounding modern day corporate governance. The purpose of this paper is to through light upon SYNEP, PLUTUS PAYROLL (PP) and other Syndicate companies (SC) in relation to corporate veil, the piercing of the corporate veil and the duties of the director[1]s. Every company is a separate entity and its identity is different from its members in addition the liability of the members of the company is only restricted to the amount they owe to the company in form of shares or guarantees. As the company does not act on its own and where there are various shareholders each of them cannot be a part of the management for the proper functioning of the company the governance of the company is vested in the selected board of directors[2]. The paper analyzes the significance of the corporate veil, when it may be pierced and the implications of the directors duties. Corporate Veil Issue The issue which has to be discuss the corporate veil in relation to relation to Synep, PP and Syndicate companies. Rules As provided by LordMcNaughton in the case of Solomon v Solomon and Co[3]at law a company is a totally different person as compared to those person who have subscribed to its memorandum. In this case it is irrelevant that even after incorporation the business is same as it was before and the same heads receive profit and the same person are manager. As provided by Macaura v Northern Assurance Coat law the company is not an agent of the trustees or subscribers of the memorandum and nor the members as subscribers are liable in any form or shape except to the manner and extent provided by the act to the liabilities of the company[4]. Application The provisions laid down by this case are often considered the route on which corporate personality jurisprudence is been practiced around the world. The concept of a separate legal entity have successfully been continued in an uninterrupted manner for more than 100 years in Australia. Thus as Synep, PP and SC are all incorporated companies the liability of the company is not the same as its members as they are protected by the corporate veil. The actions of a company and based on its own authority and the company does not act as the agent of its owners of the subscribers of its memorandum. However there have been various circumstances where this feature of the company has been taken up as a way to introduce fraud to the corporate world which is also highlighted in the present case of the three companies. There are many instance where the owners of the company hide behind the corporate veil in order to take advantage of it and defraud the creditors of the company. As the concept of c orporate veil protects and limits the liability of the owners of the company they are provided with a scope of committing such acts which may ensure them illegitimate profit without being held liable for it. The concept can be taken to Be as both an advantages and disadvantages in relation to the corporate world. However if a proper system was not initiated in order to restrict such acts the system of corporations would have been a total failure. The selected case for the purpose of this paper the director of the SC along with PP and Synep are protected to the principles of corporate veil. Conclusion The members of the companies are protected through the concept of corporate veil Piercing of corporate veil Issue Whether the corporate veil should be pierced or not in relation to Synep, PP and Syndicate companies Rules In order to ensure the proper functioning of the Corporate Law system a concept was developed by the courts which is known as piercing the corporate veil. It has been recognized by the courts in Lee v Lees Air Farming at the same time that the corporate veil of the corporation may be pierced to deny the shareholders any protection which is provided to them by the provisions of limited liability[5]. According toGilford Motors Co Ltd v Hornethe piercing of the corporate veil may be referred to as exception which is imposed judicially to the principles of separate legal entity through which the courts do not take into regard the different identity of the corporation and hold its members liable for the actions of the corporation in the same way as if they were committed by the members themselves[6]. The piercing of the corporate veil may also be initiated by the court when a request to do so has been made by the company itself or its members so that they can attain a remedy which would be denied to them otherwise or create a right which is enforceable or impose a penalty on the board of directors as provided by Creasey v Breachwood Motors Ltd[7]. In the case of Equiticorp Finance v BNZit was provided by judges that piercing the corporate veil is a term which is reserved for treating the liabilities and rights call functions of a corporation as the liabilities and rights or functions of its members. On the other hand to lift the corporate veil or to have a look behind it means having a regard to the shareholders of the company in relation to a legal purpose. Never the difference between the two phrases as yet to be properly recognized in Australia as the quote most of the times refer to lifting then the effect of such lifting is piercing of corporate veil[8]. In the case of Pioneer Concrete Services Ltd v Yelnah Pty Ltd it was provided by young J that even though when an individual company is incorporated it creates a separate legal person only on occasions the court will look behind the legal person to determine its real controllers[9]. Application Since the Solomon case there have been various instances in the United States the United Kingdom and Australia where the courts have found general to the principles of corporate veil and have pierced it in order to reveal those who have control over the companys affairs. Thus the courts have the power to look behind for lift the corporate veil whenever they want to determine the operational mechanism running the company. It is clear that the corporate veil is only lifted or pierced when the actual purpose of the company is to do fraud. From the provided facts it is difficult to say that Synep or PP had been incorporated for a fraudulent purpose. When it comes to syndicate companies the actual purpose for which they had been formed has to be analyzed in order to determine whether the corporate veil should be pierced or not Conclusion The corporate veil of Synep ,PP and other SC may only be pierced if it is found that the company was formed in an illegitimate way for a fraudulent purpose Directors duties Issue Whether directors duties have been breached by Adam Cranston who is the director of Synep, PP and the syndicate companies. Rule The duties of directors in Australia is controlled by the provisions of common law along with statutory provisions provided by the Corporation Act 2001[10]. The Corporation Act 2001through Section 181- 84 provide the statutory duties which are imposed upon the directors of companies operating in Australia. According to Section 181 it is the duty of director to act in good faith and in a way which will enhance the interest of the company in the best possible outcome what is of the director have to be disposed for a proper purpose. According to Section 182 of the act the directors of the company are forbidden from using their position in such a way so as to bring detriment to the company in order to achieve personal gain. Section 183 states that the directors of the company must not use the information which is gained by them through position in the company in such way so as to make personal profits at the cost of the company without disclosing such situation to the other directors. As provided by section 184 anything in relation to the above sections done intentionally is a criminal offence. There had been various instances in Australia such as the case of ASIC v HealeyOrs[11]and Asic v Adlerand 4 Ors[12] where the directors have been made personally liable for their actions and breach of duties. Application As they have been imposed with the duty to control the affair of the company the directors are expected to provide high standard of skill, care and diligence while disposing their duty towards a company. There is a duty imposed on the directors which raises Expectations of the shareholders towards them that they will always act in good faith to enhance the success of the company In the provided scenario the government companies have themselves admitted that they should have observed due diligence while providing authority to another company to deal with public money. Whether Adam Cranston had breached his duties as director or not is still under the scanner but as provided by the article that the public had not been paid their money he can be held liable for not abiding by his duties to act in the best interest of the companies owned by him. It is not suitable to comment on a case which is under investigation and yet to be decided. However as of now it appears that Synep, PP and the Syndicate companies had not been initiated for the purpose of doing fraud and the customers were initially being paid properly by the company. However a few directors of the companies were fake as provided by the ATO investigation as their residential address was not proper. In case the ATO is able to provide it would be a strong evidence to establish that PP had not been incorporated properly and the corporate veil may be pierced. Conclusion Apparently the duties of directors have been breached by Adam Cranston Bibliography Asic v Adlerand 4 Ors [2002] NSWSC 171 ASIC v HealeyOrs [2011] FCA 717 Corporation Act 2001(Cth) Creasey v Breachwood Motors Ltd (1992) 10 ACLC 3052 Equiticorp Finance v BNZ (1993) 11 ACLC 952 Gilford Motors Co Ltd v Horne [1933] 1 Ch 935 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-18/tax-fraud-allegations-could-risk-investigations-senator-says/8537608 Lee v Lees Air Farming [1961] AC 12 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co (1925) Ac 619 Pioneer Concrete Services Ltd v Yelnah Pty Ltd (1986) 5 NSWLR 254 Smith Stone and Knight [1939] 4 KB 116 Solomon v Solomon and Co (1897) A.C 22 (H.L) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-18/tax-fraud-allegations-could-risk-investigations-senator-says/8537608 Smith Stone and Knight [1939] 4 KB 116. (1897) A.C 22 (H.L). (1925) Ac 619. [1961] AC 12. [1933] 1 Ch 935. (1992) 10 ACLC 3052. (1993) 11 ACLC 952. (1986) 5 NSWLR 254. Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). [2011] FCA 717. [2002] NSWSC 171.

Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin

Question: Discuss about the Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin. Answer: Introduction: Mrs. Mallacota may be addicted to too much of sugary and fatty foods without performing any strenuous activities like exercises, that may lead to the development of excess fats in her abdominal area thus leading to the kidney diseases along with the development of the puffiness of the eyes. The past history may be of over-consumption of alcohol, taking non-healthy foods, taking excess amount of sugar (Burrow and Ride 2016). A normal kidney in a human contains 1 million nephrons, which contributes the total amount of in the filtrate rate of the glomerulus. Kidney has an innate ability in maintaining the healthy nephrons for manifestation of hyperfiltration and the compensatory hypertrophy. This adaptability of the nephrons focuses for the continuous in clearing the plasma solutes. The hyperfiltration along with the hypertrophy of the nephrons is noted as the major cause of the progressive dysfunction of the renal system. Type 1 diabetes is elaborated by a blend of edge at the resistant to insulin and deficit of it emission by pancreatic beta cells (Chin et al. 2014). Insulin resistance, which has been credited to raise levels of free unsaturated fats and star provocative cytokines in plasma, prompts to lessened glucose transport into muscle cells, lifted hepatic glucose creation, and extended breakdown of fat. The advice could be of reducing the sugar level in the blood, need to check the blood sugar content regularly. Being an aboriginal lady, Mrs. Mallacota is being advice to alter the food habit of low sugar content. Regular exercises along with the proper diet of diabetes type 1 as activities helps in reducing the blood sugar content in the blood along with the excess fats in the abdominal areas can helps in reducing the kidney disorder. The high levels of the blood sugar level forces kidney to function more and becomes harder for for the performing its function in filtering the wastes that also creates damage to the nephrons and it starts leaking small amount of proteins (Yale et al. 2014). Mrs Mallacota needs to manage herself on the field of Diabetes Type 1 by reducing the sugar-content in her diet. She needs to maintain her glycaemia level which will be help het in minimising hyperglycaemia with flexibility. Reference list: Burrow, S. and Ride, K., 2016. Review of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Mt Lawley (AUST): Edith Cowan University Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet. Chin, M.P., Reisman, S.A., Bakris, G.L., O'grady, M., Linde, P.G., McCullough, P.A., Packham, D., Vaziri, N.D., Ward, K.W., Warnock, D.G. and Meyer, C.J., 2014. Mechanisms contributing to adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease treated with bardoxolone methyl.American journal of nephrology,39(6), pp.499-508. Inzucchi, S.E., Lipska, K.J., Mayo, H., Bailey, C.J. and McGuire, D.K., 2014. Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review.Jama,312(24), pp.2668-2675. Yale, J.F., Bakris, G., Cariou, B., Nieto, J., David?Neto, E., Yue, D., Wajs, E., Figueroa, K., Jiang, J., Law, G. and Usiskin, K., 2014. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,16(10), pp.1016-1027.